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Questions and Answers
A resistor with yellow, purple, red, gold bands has a resistance of 4700 ohms.
A resistor with yellow, purple, red, gold bands has a resistance of 4700 ohms.
True
The resistance of a potentiometer is constant regardless of the knob position.
The resistance of a potentiometer is constant regardless of the knob position.
False
A circuit with a break in it is known as a closed circuit.
A circuit with a break in it is known as a closed circuit.
False
In a series circuit, all components have different currents flowing through them.
In a series circuit, all components have different currents flowing through them.
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The equation $V=IR$ describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
The equation $V=IR$ describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.
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The total voltage in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops.
The total voltage in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the individual voltage drops.
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The last band on a resistor indicates the tolerance, which can be 5% represented by a silver color.
The last band on a resistor indicates the tolerance, which can be 5% represented by a silver color.
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An inductor increases the strength of a magnetic field by coiling wire.
An inductor increases the strength of a magnetic field by coiling wire.
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The voltage divider formula is given by Vout = Vin * (R1/(R1 + R2)).
The voltage divider formula is given by Vout = Vin * (R1/(R1 + R2)).
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A relay is a mechanical device that interrupts current flow through switches.
A relay is a mechanical device that interrupts current flow through switches.
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AC voltages alternate sinusoidally with time and are specified with a value equal to the DC voltage capable of doing the same amount of work.
AC voltages alternate sinusoidally with time and are specified with a value equal to the DC voltage capable of doing the same amount of work.
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A transformer can step up or step down voltage and the power remains constant between the primary and secondary coils.
A transformer can step up or step down voltage and the power remains constant between the primary and secondary coils.
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Household line voltages are typically specified at 120 Vac.
Household line voltages are typically specified at 120 Vac.
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Inductive loads include components like motors and solenoids that use magnetic fields.
Inductive loads include components like motors and solenoids that use magnetic fields.
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Switches are characterized only by their voltage rating.
Switches are characterized only by their voltage rating.
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Resistance is measured in Volts.
Resistance is measured in Volts.
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Power in an electrical circuit is calculated using the formula: Watts = Volts * Amps.
Power in an electrical circuit is calculated using the formula: Watts = Volts * Amps.
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A floating ground means the circuit is directly connected to the earth.
A floating ground means the circuit is directly connected to the earth.
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The color code on a resistor helps to indicate its resistance value.
The color code on a resistor helps to indicate its resistance value.
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If too much current flows through a resistor, it will decrease in temperature.
If too much current flows through a resistor, it will decrease in temperature.
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Study Notes
Basic Electronic Parameters and Components
- Voltage: Difference in charge between two points, measured in Volts.
- Current: Flow of electrons through a conductor or semiconductor, measured in Amperes (Amps). Current flows from positive to negative.
- Power: Determines the amount of work a circuit can do, measured in Watts (Watts = Volts x Amps).
- Ground: Minimum voltage reference point. True ground connects to earth, though circuits might not be directly connected to earth (floating ground), especially battery-powered circuits.
- Resistance: Measured in Ohms. Resistors control current flow and voltage drops in a circuit. Resistors create heat when current passes through them. Resistors have a tolerance (e.g., ±10%), meaning the actual resistance value can vary slightly from the stated value.
Resistor Color Codes
- Resistor values are indicated by color bands.
- The first two bands represent the first two digits of the resistance value.
- The third band is a multiplier, indicating the number of zeros to add to the first two digits.
- The final band indicates the tolerance (e.g., 1%, 5%, 10%).
Examples of Resistor Color Codes
- Yellow, Purple, Red, Gold = 4700 Ω ±5%
- Brown, Black, Yellow, Gold = 100 kΩ ± 5%
- Yellow, Purple, Black, Silver = 47 Ω ± 10%
- Brown, Black, Green, Gold = 1 MΩ ±5%
Potentiometers
- Variable resistors.
- A wiper (movable contact) controls resistance by adjusting its position between two leads.
- Resistor resistance changes directly with rotation (linear pots), or exponentially (log pots).
Ohm's Law
- Every electrical circuit has voltage, current, and resistance.
- V = IR (Voltage = Current x Resistance)
- I = V/R (Current = Voltage/Resistance)
- R = V/I (Resistance = Voltage/Current)
Circuits
- Series Circuits: Components connected end-to-end along a single path, sharing the same current. The total resistance of a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistances. The total voltage is equal to the sum of the voltage drops across each individual component in the series circuit.
- Parallel Circuits: Components connected across each other, sharing the same voltage. The total resistance of a parallel circuit is calculated using the reciprocal sum of individual components' resistances. The total current flowing through the circuit is equal to the sum of currents flowing through individual branches in the parallel circuit.
Switches
- Mechanical devices that interrupt current flow. Characterized by the number of poles and throws.
AC (Alternating Current)
- Voltage that alternates periodically in polarity and magnitude.
- AC voltage values are often specified as RMS values, which is 1/√2 times the peak voltage; 1/√2 = 0.707.
Other Components
- Inductors: Used as filters and electromagnets, measured in Henrys. Increase the strength of magnetic fields.
- Transformers: Used to increase or decrease output voltage in AC circuits consisting of primary and secondary coils. The turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils determines voltage step-up/step-down ratios.
- Relays: Electro-mechanical switches controlled by electrical signals. Relays pass AC or DC current. They are slowly acting and noisy.
- Capacitors: Store electrical charge, measured in Farads. Non-electronic capacitors have solid dielectrics and electrolytic capacitors have liquid or paste dielectrics.
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Description
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of electronics, including voltage, current, power, resistance, and ground. Dive into resistor color codes to assess your knowledge on how resistors function in circuits. This quiz is perfect for beginners looking to solidify their grasp of basic electronic principles.
