Basic Concepts of Pathology

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What is the first step in the post-mortem technique in small animals?

Extend incision of the last ribs on both sides
Reflect the sternum and the attached portion of ribs
Place the animal on its back (correct)
Make a ventral midline incision through the skin from the mandibular symphysis to pubis

What is done to expose the oral cavity in a post-mortem examination?

Make a ventral midline incision through the skin
Incise through the soft tissues between the mandibles (correct)
Dissect the neck
Reflect the sternum and the attached portion of ribs

What is the purpose of extending the incision of the last ribs on both sides?

To expose the neck
To expose the brain
To expose the thoracic viscera
To expose the abdominal viscera (correct)

What is the next step after cutting transversely at the anterior limit of the cranial cavity in a post-mortem examination of the brain?

Connect the end of this cut to the foramen magnum on both sides of the skull (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sampling the lungs in a post-mortem examination of a ruminant?

To collect a piece of lung tissue into formalin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the post-mortem examination of a ruminant?

Sample the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making two transverse sections of the heart during post-mortem examination?

To examine the atrioventricular valves (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for collecting faecal samples during post-mortem examination?

To collect samples for FEC (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on post-mortem autolysis?

The mechanism of enzymatic reaction depends on temperature (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bacteria in post-mortem changes?

They particularly enhance the process of autolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of taking samples of muscle tissue during post-mortem examination?

To look for areas of pallor suggestive of nutritional myopathy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of studying pathology?

To fill the gap between basic and clinical sciences (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the condition of the animal before death on post-mortem autolysis?

Nutritional status affects the rate of post-mortem autolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the sequence of events in response to etiological agents?

Pathogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the diagnosis of a particular disease?

Pathognomonic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Pathobiology?

Biological changes in cells due to structural changes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of the development of lesions leading to death?

Pathogenesis (A), Pathogenesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of the sequence of events of lesions development with emphasizing functional abnormalities?

Pathophysiology (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of pathology that deals with the technical aspects of laboratory diagnosis and prevention of disease?

Clinical pathology (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the study of life tissues in pathology?

Biopsy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of pathology that deals with the study of medicolegal aspects of disease?

Forensic pathology (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the criteria for describing gross lesions?

Criteria of gross lesion description (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the fat layer in obese animals after death?

It retards the cooling process (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following post-mortem changes is associated with a fall in ATP?

Algor mortis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Livor mortis?

Intense discolouration of organs and tissues at the down side of the carcass (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the greenish gray to dark discolouration caused by the action of bacteria on haemoglobin?

Pseudomelanosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gelatinous mass formed by the separation and coagulation of plasma protein?

Chicken fat clot (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental underlying biochemical mechanism of cell injury?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells?

Fatty degeneration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic appearance of hyaline degeneration under H and E stain?

Shiny glassy and homogenously eosinophilic (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of necrosis that involves the decomposition of tissue by saprophytic bacteria?

Gangrenous necrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the death of cells and tissue while the body is still living?

Necrosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of necrosis that occurs in striated muscle due to coagulation of protein in the cytoplasm?

Zenker's necrosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the post-mortem technique?

To diagnose the cause of death (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sloughing of necrotic cells?

Sloughing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of degeneration that occurs due to the entry of water into the cytoplasm?

Hydropic degeneration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the programmed cell death that occurs in response to specific genes?

Apoptosis (C) Signup and view all the answers