Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following neurotransmitters is considered the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which of the following neurotransmitters is considered the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
- Serotonin
- Glutamate
- GABA (correct)
- Dopamine
What type of receptors respond to the neurotransmitter GABA?
What type of receptors respond to the neurotransmitter GABA?
- Metabolite tropic receptors (correct)
- Ion channels
- G protein coupled receptors
- NMDA receptors
Which neurotransmitter is also a type of local hormone found throughout the body, but is used as a neurotransmitter in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter is also a type of local hormone found throughout the body, but is used as a neurotransmitter in the brain?
- Histamine (correct)
- Serotonin
- Glutamate
- Dopamine
What happens if there is too much GABA in the brain?
What happens if there is too much GABA in the brain?
Which type of neurons are responsible for keeping the excitation in the cortex in check?
Which type of neurons are responsible for keeping the excitation in the cortex in check?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
Which neurotransmitter is important for working memory?
Which neurotransmitter is important for working memory?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition?
Which type of receptor is responsible for fast, inhibitory, postsynaptic potentials?
Which type of receptor is responsible for fast, inhibitory, postsynaptic potentials?
What is the main function of gabaergic interneurons for beta receptors?
What is the main function of gabaergic interneurons for beta receptors?
What is the main function of g protein coupled receptors?
What is the main function of g protein coupled receptors?
What is the role of chloride ions in the GABA receptor?
What is the role of chloride ions in the GABA receptor?
Which of the following is a function of the dopaminergic projections in the basal ganglia?
Which of the following is a function of the dopaminergic projections in the basal ganglia?
What is the role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
What is the role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine and haloperidol?
What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine and haloperidol?
Which of the following substances can bind to the GABA receptor and enhance its activity?
Which of the following substances can bind to the GABA receptor and enhance its activity?
Which of the following substances can cause amnesia when administered?
Which of the following substances can cause amnesia when administered?
Which of the following substances can act as an inverse agonist on the GABA receptor, producing anxiety and predisposing to convulsions?
Which of the following substances can act as an inverse agonist on the GABA receptor, producing anxiety and predisposing to convulsions?
Which of the following substances can have additive effects on the GABA receptor when combined, potentially leading to fatal outcomes?
Which of the following substances can have additive effects on the GABA receptor when combined, potentially leading to fatal outcomes?
What are the side effects caused by chronically blocking the receptors on the motor system?
What are the side effects caused by chronically blocking the receptors on the motor system?
Which generation of antipsychotics is more specific to receptor subtypes found in the cortex?
Which generation of antipsychotics is more specific to receptor subtypes found in the cortex?
Which receptors do second generation antipsychotics, like clozapine, tend to antagonize?
Which receptors do second generation antipsychotics, like clozapine, tend to antagonize?
What are the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia mentioned in the text?
What are the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia mentioned in the text?
Do the side effects caused by chronically blocking the receptors on the motor system go away after stopping the drugs?
Do the side effects caused by chronically blocking the receptors on the motor system go away after stopping the drugs?
What is the role of chloride ions in the GABA receptor?
What is the role of chloride ions in the GABA receptor?
Which type of neurons are responsible for keeping the excitation in the cortex in check?
Which type of neurons are responsible for keeping the excitation in the cortex in check?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition?
Which neurotransmitter does NOT have ionotropic receptors, but only metabotropic receptors?
Which neurotransmitter does NOT have ionotropic receptors, but only metabotropic receptors?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for reinforcement of associated behaviors and is increased by drugs like cocaine and amphetamine?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for reinforcement of associated behaviors and is increased by drugs like cocaine and amphetamine?
What are the immediate effects of cocaine and amphetamine?
What are the immediate effects of cocaine and amphetamine?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
What is the role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
What is the role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
Which antipsychotic medication is specific to receptor subtypes found in the cortex and reduces psychosis associated with schizophrenia without causing extrapyramidal side effects?
Which antipsychotic medication is specific to receptor subtypes found in the cortex and reduces psychosis associated with schizophrenia without causing extrapyramidal side effects?
Which type of receptor is responsible for fast, excitatory, postsynaptic potentials?
Which type of receptor is responsible for fast, excitatory, postsynaptic potentials?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily synthesized in the brainstem and projects diffusely in different parts of the cortex, spinal cord, and cerebellum?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
Which system is responsible for reinforcement of natural reinforcers and is also hijacked by drugs of abuse?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for motor control?
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for motor control?
What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine and haloperidol?
What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine and haloperidol?
Which of the following substances can bind to the GABA receptor and enhance its activity?
Which of the following substances can bind to the GABA receptor and enhance its activity?
Which neurotransmitter does NOT have ionotropic receptors, but only metabotropic receptors?
Which neurotransmitter does NOT have ionotropic receptors, but only metabotropic receptors?
Which of the following is true about GABA(A) receptors?
Which of the following is true about GABA(A) receptors?
Which of the following is an indirect agonist of GABA(A) receptors?
Which of the following is an indirect agonist of GABA(A) receptors?
What is the main effect of benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors?
What is the main effect of benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors?
Which of the following substances can enhance GABA(A) activity and have additive effects when combined?
Which of the following substances can enhance GABA(A) activity and have additive effects when combined?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
What is the main function of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex?
Which of the following is true about dopamine receptors?
Which of the following is true about dopamine receptors?
What is the main role of the mesolimbic system in the dopaminergic system?
What is the main role of the mesolimbic system in the dopaminergic system?
The majority of the Dopamine in the brain is found in the:
The majority of the Dopamine in the brain is found in the:
Which family of GABA receptor is this?:
Ligand gated Cl- channel
Fast IPSPs
Mainly GABAergic interneurons
Which family of GABA receptor is this?:
Ligand gated Cl- channel Fast IPSPs Mainly GABAergic interneurons
Which family of GABA receptor is this?
G protein coupled receptors
Indirectly coupled to K+ or Ca2+ channel through 2nd messengers(opens K+ channel, closes Ca2+ channel)
Slow IPSPs
Both pre- and post- synaptic
Which family of GABA receptor is this?
G protein coupled receptors Indirectly coupled to K+ or Ca2+ channel through 2nd messengers(opens K+ channel, closes Ca2+ channel) Slow IPSPs Both pre- and post- synaptic
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) receptors?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) receptors?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) receptors and drugs?
GABA (A) is a complex receptor with multiple binding sites
Direct and indirect agonists and antagonists.
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) receptors and drugs? GABA (A) is a complex receptor with multiple binding sites Direct and indirect agonists and antagonists.
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) Receptor - benzodiazepine actione.g. diazepam (Valium)?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) Receptor - benzodiazepine actione.g. diazepam (Valium)?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) Rs - barbiturates and alcohol?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(A) Rs - barbiturates and alcohol?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(B) receptor – metabotropic?
What is NOT true regarding GABA(B) receptor – metabotropic?
Which of these does not bind to a GABA(A)R?
Which of these does not bind to a GABA(A)R?
GABA is always an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
GABA is always an inhibitory neurotransmitter?
What is NOT true regarding Neurotransmitter systems?
What is NOT true regarding Neurotransmitter systems?
What are specific populations of neurons that project diffusely and modulate theactivity of Glutamate and GABA neurons in their target areas called?
.Dopaminergic (DA)Serotonergic (5-HT)Noradrenergic (NA/NE)AdrenergicCholinergic (ACh)Histaminergic
What are specific populations of neurons that project diffusely and modulate theactivity of Glutamate and GABA neurons in their target areas called?
.Dopaminergic (DA)Serotonergic (5-HT)Noradrenergic (NA/NE)AdrenergicCholinergic (ACh)Histaminergic
What is part of the the dopaminergic system?
Dopamine neurons- cell bodies in the midbrain- project into the forebrain
What is part of the the dopaminergic system?
Dopamine neurons- cell bodies in the midbrain- project into the forebrain
What is NOT true regarding Dopamine (DA) receptors?
What is NOT true regarding Dopamine (DA) receptors?
What is true regarding Nigrostriatal system?
What is true regarding Nigrostriatal system?
Which statement is NOT true regarding dysfunction to the Nigrostriatal system?
Which statement is NOT true regarding dysfunction to the Nigrostriatal system?
What is NOT true regarding The dopaminergic system contd: Mesolimbic system
What is NOT true regarding The dopaminergic system contd: Mesolimbic system
What is NOT true regarding the The dopaminergic system contd: Mesocortical system
What is NOT true regarding the The dopaminergic system contd: Mesocortical system
DA acts through ionotropic receptors
DA acts through ionotropic receptors
What is NOT true regarding The Serotonergic system?
What is NOT true regarding The Serotonergic system?
The Serotonergic system function in:-mood sleep pain emotion appetite and can be ionotropic or metabotrophic. Which statement is NOT true regarding grugs with effects on serotonergic receptors
The Serotonergic system function in:-mood sleep pain emotion appetite and can be ionotropic or metabotrophic. Which statement is NOT true regarding grugs with effects on serotonergic receptors
What is NOT true regarding The Noradrenergic System?
What is NOT true regarding The Noradrenergic System?
What is NOT true regarding the The Adrenergic system?
What is NOT true regarding the The Adrenergic system?
What is NOT true regarding Disorders of the cholinergic system?
What is NOT true regarding Disorders of the cholinergic system?
