Neuronal signalling 2

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Which neurotransmitter is known to be the major inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (correct)

Glutamate

Dopamine

Acetylcholine

What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine into acetate and choline?

Glutamate decarboxylase

GAD

Synthetase

Acetylcholinesterase (correct)

What is the main mechanism for the rapid removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

Re-uptake by postsynaptic neuron

Diffusion into the postsynaptic neuron

Enzymatic breakdown by GAD

Diffusion away from synapses (correct)

Which neurotransmitter is known to be excitatory and the most abundant in the human brain?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the ionized form of glutamic acid that serves as an excitatory neurotransmitter?

Glutamate Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter cannot cross the blood-brain barrier?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme synthesizes GABA from glutamate?

Glutamate decarboxylase Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors involve ligand-gated ion channels and cause a quick depolarization response?

Ionotropic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What effect does GABA have on the postsynaptic neuron?

Inhibition Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are slower due to a signalling cascade?

Metabotropic GPCR Signup and view all the answers

Where are the somatosensory neurons located in the spinal cord?

Dorsal horn Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an antagonist have on neurotransmission?

Blocks transmission Signup and view all the answers

How does releasing glutamate in different parts of the brain affect its function?

Varies due to activation of different glutamate receptor subtypes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of grey matter in the spinal cord?

Contains cell bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors can activate many different subtypes?

Metabotropic GPCR Signup and view all the answers

How does an agonist affect a receptor?

Causes a change Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the CNS is highly organised based on innervation of body areas?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

How can releasing glutamate in different parts of the brain affect its function?

Different subtypes of glutamate receptors will be activated, leading to different effects. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between agonists and antagonists in terms of their effects on neurotransmission.

Agonists bind to receptors and cause a change, boosting transmission in a neuron, while antagonists bind to receptors but cause no effect, blocking transmission in a neuron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of allosteric sites in receptor pharmacology?

Allosteric sites provide a different binding site on the receptor, allowing for modulation of receptor activity without directly affecting the orthosteric site. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the organization of the grey and white matter in the spinal cord.

Grey matter contains cell bodies of somatosensory neurons in the dorsal horn and motor neurons in the ventral horn, while white matter contains axons. Signup and view all the answers

How does the CNS organize its functions based on the areas of the body that they innervate?

The CNS is highly organized, with different sections of the spinal cord responsible for sensory input and motor output to specific body parts. Signup and view all the answers

Metabotropic GPCR's are faster than ionotropic receptors due to their signalling cascade.

False Signup and view all the answers

One neurotransmitter can only activate one subtype of receptor in the brain.