Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following viral groups directly utilizes its genome as mRNA upon entering a host cell?
Which of the following viral groups directly utilizes its genome as mRNA upon entering a host cell?
- Group VI: Retroviruses
- Group V: Negative single-stranded RNA viruses
- Group I: Double-stranded DNA viruses
- Group IV: Positive-stranded single-stranded RNA viruses (correct)
A newly discovered virus contains double-stranded RNA as its genetic material. According to the Baltimore classification system, to which group does it belong?
A newly discovered virus contains double-stranded RNA as its genetic material. According to the Baltimore classification system, to which group does it belong?
- Group IV
- Group II
- Group I
- Group III (correct)
A researcher identifies a virus that uses reverse transcriptase. Which Baltimore group(s) could this virus belong to?
A researcher identifies a virus that uses reverse transcriptase. Which Baltimore group(s) could this virus belong to?
- Group VI and Group VII (correct)
- Group VI only
- Group I only
- Group VII only
A virus is found to convert its single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA after infecting a cell. Which Baltimore group does this virus belong to?
A virus is found to convert its single-stranded DNA into double-stranded DNA after infecting a cell. Which Baltimore group does this virus belong to?
A virus with a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome requires what key enzyme for its replication inside the host cell?
A virus with a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome requires what key enzyme for its replication inside the host cell?
A molecular biologist is studying a virus that integrates its genetic material into the host's DNA. Which group is MOST likely to do this?
A molecular biologist is studying a virus that integrates its genetic material into the host's DNA. Which group is MOST likely to do this?
Which Baltimore classification group includes viruses that must convert their genome into a double-stranded form before replication?
Which Baltimore classification group includes viruses that must convert their genome into a double-stranded form before replication?
If a virus utilizes the host cell's RNA polymerase directly for mRNA production, what type of genome is MOST likely present in the virus?
If a virus utilizes the host cell's RNA polymerase directly for mRNA production, what type of genome is MOST likely present in the virus?
Which of the following represents the correct order of processes a pararetrovirus (Group VII) undergoes during its replication cycle?
Which of the following represents the correct order of processes a pararetrovirus (Group VII) undergoes during its replication cycle?
Which viral group requires a viral-encoded enzyme to convert its genome into a form that can be directly translated by host ribosomes?
Which viral group requires a viral-encoded enzyme to convert its genome into a form that can be directly translated by host ribosomes?
How do Group I viruses (dsDNA viruses) primarily replicate their genome?
How do Group I viruses (dsDNA viruses) primarily replicate their genome?
In the context of viral replication, what is the critical function of reverse transcriptase?
In the context of viral replication, what is the critical function of reverse transcriptase?
A researcher discovers a new virus. Initial analysis shows it has a positive single-stranded RNA genome but does NOT require reverse transcriptase for replication. Which Baltimore group is the MOST likely candidate?
A researcher discovers a new virus. Initial analysis shows it has a positive single-stranded RNA genome but does NOT require reverse transcriptase for replication. Which Baltimore group is the MOST likely candidate?
Compared to Group IV viruses, what is the MOST significant difference in the replication strategy of Group V viruses within a host cell?
Compared to Group IV viruses, what is the MOST significant difference in the replication strategy of Group V viruses within a host cell?
If a drug effectively inhibits the host cell's RNA polymerase, which group of viruses would be LEAST affected?
If a drug effectively inhibits the host cell's RNA polymerase, which group of viruses would be LEAST affected?
Flashcards
Baltimore Classification
Baltimore Classification
Viruses are classified by how they store and use genetic material for replication.
Group I: dsDNA Viruses
Group I: dsDNA Viruses
Uses host cell enzymes to copy DNA and produce mRNA for viral protein synthesis.
Group II: ssDNA Viruses
Group II: ssDNA Viruses
Converts ssDNA to dsDNA inside the host cell for replication.
Group III: dsRNA Viruses
Group III: dsRNA Viruses
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Group IV: +ssRNA Viruses
Group IV: +ssRNA Viruses
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Group V: -ssRNA Viruses
Group V: -ssRNA Viruses
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Group VI: Retroviruses
Group VI: Retroviruses
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Group VII: Pararetroviruses
Group VII: Pararetroviruses
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Study Notes
- The Baltimore Classification system categorizes viruses based on their method of genetic material storage and utilization for replication within host cells.
- Viruses are divided into seven groups according to their nucleic acid type and replication strategy.
Group I: Positive Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)
- The host cell's RNA polymerase is used to transcribe viral DNA into mRNA.
- The mRNA is then translated into viral proteins needed for creating new viral particles.
- The virus relies on the host cell's machinery to replicate its DNA and assemble new viruses.
- Example: Herpes virus
Group II: Positive Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)
- Viruses in this group possess single-stranded DNA that is converted to a double-stranded form inside the host cell to facilitate replication.
- Example: Parvovirus
Group III: Positive Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
- These viruses have RNA as their genetic material, existing in a double-stranded form.
- Example: Rotavirus
Group IV: Positive-stranded single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA)
- The viral RNA acts as mRNA, which the host cell ribosomes can directly translate into proteins.
- Example: Coronavirus
Group V: Negative single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA)
- These viruses contain RNA which is complementary to mRNA, necessitating conversion to positive RNA before translation.
- Upon entering the cell, the virus releases its negative RNA (-ssRNA).
- The virus carries its own viral RNA polymerase to convert the negative RNA into positive RNA (+ssRNA).
- The newly synthesized positive RNA then functions as mRNA for viral protein production.
- Example: Flu virus
Group VI: Retroviruses (positive single-stranded RNA with reverse transcription)
- Retroviruses are characterized by RNA genomes that are converted into DNA within the host cell, using the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
- Example: HIV
Group VII: Pararetroviruses (partially positive double-stranded DNA with reverse transcription)
- Viruses in this group convert their DNA into RNA, and then back into DNA for replication.
- Example: Hepatitis B virus
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