Virus Classification and Characteristics Exam
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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of viruses according to the text?

  • Regressive evolution (correct)
  • Cellular origins
  • Independent entities
  • Bacterial origins

    • What is the estimated number of viruses on Earth based on the text?

  • 10 x 10^18
  • 1 x 10^31 (correct)
  • 5 x 10^30
  • 7.4 x 10^9

    • How do viruses compare in numbers to bacteria?

  • Equal in numbers
  • Less abundant
  • More abundant (correct)
  • Numbers vary greatly

    • Which organism category has the least number of representatives on Earth based on the text?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general trend of the number of human pathogens discovered in recent times?

    <p>Increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical number of genes that the simplest virus would have?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Baltimore classification is associated with Dengue virus?

    <p>Class IV (+ssRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the virus specificity for a particular cell type, tissue, or species?

    <p>Viral Tropism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure limits diffusion in the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of viral replication involves capsid rearrangement?

    <p>Assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is associated with inhibiting polymerase in HIV, Herpes viruses, HBV, and HCV?

    <p>Polymerase Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the release of new virions from a host cell through the plasma membrane?

    <p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between cellular and viral pathogens in terms of ATP production?

    <p>Cellular pathogens produce ATP while viral pathogens do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the visibility of viruses under a light microscope?

    <p>Viruses are not visible under a light microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of virus genetics compared to cell genetics?

    <p>Viruses possess both DNA and RNA, while cells only have DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification level is often the highest for viruses?

    <p>-viridae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic structure do viruses exhibit that is distinct from cells?

    <p>Icosahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viruses have polymerase proofreading to reduce errors in replication?

    <p>DNA viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common method for the direct examination of viruses based on identifying viral nucleic acid?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method involves breaking apart double-stranded DNA and using primers to identify viruses?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) method from the Electron Microscopy (EM) method?

    <p>TEM provides 3D images, while EM provides 2D images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves cell culture and is considered an indirect way to diagnose viral infections?

    <p>Serology Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does serological diagnosis differentiate between recent and past viral infections?

    <p>By detecting a 4-fold or more increase in IgG antibody titre between acute and convalescent blood samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of viruses in terms of ATP production?

    <p>They do not produce ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural component limits the diffusion of substances in the cytoplasm of a cell?

    <p>Membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification level is often the highest for viruses?

    <p>Family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between cellular and viral pathogens in terms of ribosomes?

    <p>Viral pathogens possess ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are viruses not visible under light microscopy?

    <p>They are too small to be resolved by light microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the theory that suggests viruses evolved from previously independent life forms and lost many functions?

    <p>Degenerative evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the numbers of viruses compare to the numbers of bacteria based on the information provided?

    <p>Viruses outnumber bacteria significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that viruses evolved from primitive, pre-biotic self-replicating molecules?

    <p>Cellular origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many human-infecting viruses were known as of 2012 according to the text?

    <p>219</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes viruses distinct from cells based on the provided text?

    <p>Lack of protein synthesis machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory suggests that viruses are evolving independently but parallel to cellular organisms?

    <p>Parallel evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Permissive' refer to in the context of viral replication?

    <p>Viruses that are capable of allowing the complete replication cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle, besides the nucleus, is involved in the late phase of viral release?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific role of Enfuvirtide in viral replication?

    <p>Penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polymerase proofreading mechanism is employed by some viruses to reduce replication errors?

    <p>RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of viral genetics, what distinguishes non-structural proteins from structural proteins?

    <p>Structural proteins are essential for viral structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the release of new virions from a host cell without envelopment through exocytosis?

    <p>Budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do DNA viruses have lower error rates in replication compared to RNA viruses?

    <p>DNA viruses have polymerase proofreading capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is based on the detection of viral antigens?

    <p>ELISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of viral isolation and identification in diagnostics?

    <p>To confirm the type of infecting virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method breaks apart double-stranded DNA and uses primers to identify viruses?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) compared to Direct Electron Microscopy (EM)?

    <p>TEM provides 3D sections of viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most RNA viruses compare in error rates during replication?

    <p>$10^{-4}$ - $10^{-6}$ errors per base</p> Signup and view all the answers

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