Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in a balanced diet?
Which nutrient is primarily responsible for growth and muscle repair?
What is a function of fats in the body?
Which nutrient is critical for the formation of strong bones and teeth?
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Which nutrient plays a significant role in fighting infections?
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What role does water play in the body?
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Which of the following is a source of protein?
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Which nutrient helps to prevent constipation?
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What is essential for enjoying good health?
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Which of the following is a cause of disease?
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What characterizes social well-being?
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Indirect contact transmission includes which scenario?
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What could result from poor nutrition?
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What does physical well-being relate to?
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What is droplet infection associated with?
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Which disease is caused by contact transmission?
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What is a result of incomplete combustion?
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What flame color indicates complete combustion on a Bunsen burner?
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Which of the following gases is generated by incomplete combustion and is known to be poisonous?
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What happens to the flame size when the air hole of the Bunsen burner is closed?
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What environmental issue is primarily caused by deforestation?
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What happens to the energy released during incomplete combustion?
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What is produced alongside soot during incomplete combustion?
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What occurs when the air hole on a Bunsen burner is opened?
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What is one of the benefits of bathing daily with soap and water?
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Why is food hygiene important?
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What should be done before preparing food?
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Which of the following is considered biodegradable waste?
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What is a method used to clean toilets effectively?
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What health hazard is created by improper waste disposal?
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What should be done if food has passed its expiry date?
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Which of the following actions can help prevent fungal infections?
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What happens when a solution becomes saturated?
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How does temperature affect the solubility of a solute?
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What role does stirring play in dissolving a solute?
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Which factor affects how quickly a solute dissolves?
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What defines a solute?
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What is an element?
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Why do smaller particles dissolve more quickly than larger ones?
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What is a solvent?
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Study Notes
Balanced Diet
- A balanced diet contains essential nutrients in correct proportions to maintain health.
Components of a Balanced Diet
-
Carbohydrates:
- Main source of energy.
- Common sources include bread, maize, yams, sweet potatoes, and rice.
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Fats:
- Provide energy and store energy in the body.
- Help insulate and protect organs.
- Sources include meat, butter, oils, milk, cheese, yogurt, and nuts.
-
Proteins:
- Essential for muscle growth and repairing damaged tissues.
- Found in meat, chicken, fish, eggs, beans, and dairy products.
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Vitamins:
- Crucial for immune function, wound healing, and preventing blindness.
- Found in fruits, vegetables, milk, and eggs.
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Mineral Salts:
- Important for strong bones, teeth, blood formation, and growth.
- Sources include vegetables, meat, and nuts.
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Fibre:
- Aids digestion, normal bowel movement, and prevents constipation.
- Common sources are fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods.
-
Water:
- Vital for chemical reactions within the body, hydration, and mental wellbeing.
Health and Wellbeing
- Good health requires proper diet, sleep, rest, shelter, and physical activity.
Diseases
- A disease is a body disorder leading to compromised health.
Causes of Disease
- Poor nutrition (e.g., kwashiorkor).
- Pathogens (e.g., bilharzia, malaria, polio, typhoid).
- Chemicals and poisons (e.g., lung cancer, liver cirrhosis).
- Genetic defects (e.g., albinism, Down's syndrome).
Methods of Disease Transmission
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Contact Transmission:
- Direct: Involves close physical contact between infected and healthy individuals (e.g., touching, kissing).
- Indirect: Involves contact with contaminated surfaces (e.g., clothes).
-
Droplet Infection:
- Involves microorganisms suspended in the air.
- Prevention includes good hygiene practices (e.g., handwashing).
Food and Toilet Hygiene
- Proper handling, serving, storing, and preparation of food prevents disease spread.
- Food safety practices include washing hands before food preparation and correct storage.
- Toilet hygiene is crucial as toilets harbor bacteria; regular cleaning is necessary.
Waste Disposal
- Waste includes undesirable materials (domestic or industrial).
- Biodegradable Waste: Can be broken down naturally.
- Non-Biodegradable Waste: Cannot be broken down naturally.
- Improper waste disposal can lead to health hazards and pest infestations.
Solubility
- Solute: Substances dissolved in a liquid to form a solution.
- Solvent: The liquid that dissolves the solute.
-
Factors Affecting Solubility:
- Temperature: Higher temperature increases solubility.
- Stirring: Enhances dissolution by increasing particle collisions.
- Particle Size: Smaller particles dissolve faster due to larger surface area.
Elements, Mixtures, and Compounds
- Element: Substance made of one type of atom; cannot be further simplified.
- Complete combustion produces carbon dioxide and water efficiently, while incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide and soot, indicating insufficient oxygen.
Environmental Effects
- Deforestation: Leads to soil erosion and habitat loss, impacting ecosystems and animal populations.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential components of a balanced diet and their functions. Participants will learn about various nutrients, including carbohydrates and fats, and their food sources. Understanding these elements is vital for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.