14 Questions
What is the purpose of using a gait belt during balance exercises?
To provide support for the patient's arm
Which of the following is a movable surface used for dynamic balance exercises?
Swiss Ball
What should be done to ensure the patient's safety during balance exercises?
Have one person in front and one behind the patient
Which of the following is a contraindication for balance training?
Spinal conditions such as herniated or prolapsed discs
What should be done before performing balance exercises?
Check the equipment to ensure it is operating correctly
What is the purpose of having a railing or parallel bars during balance exercises?
To allow the patient to grab when necessary
What is balance defined as?
The ability to control the body mass or center of gravity to the base of support
What is the center of gravity or center of mass?
The point where the body's weight is concentrated
What is the line of gravity?
The vertical line passing through the center of gravity
What is the base of support?
The boundaries of the contact area between the body and its support surface
What is a balance disorder?
A condition that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, or have a sensation of movement
What is the purpose of Berg's Balance Scale?
To measure an individual's balance abilities
What is static balance control?
Maintaining balance while standing on a firm surface
What is balance training with perturbation?
Training that involves reacting to external disturbances or changes
Study Notes
Balance
- Defined as the ability to control body mass or center of gravity to maintain a upright posture or functional equilibrium in dynamic activities
- Dynamic process by which the body's position is maintained in equilibrium
Equilibrium and Center of Gravity
- Equilibrium means the body is either at rest (static equilibrium) or in steady-state motion (dynamic equilibrium)
- Center of Gravity (COG) or Center of Mass (COM) is an imaginary balancing point where the body weight can be assumed to be concentrated and equally distributed
- Located at the anterior 2nd sacral vertebra in adults
- Line of Gravity (LOG) is the vertical line passing through the COG
- Base of Support (BOS) is the boundaries of the contact area between the body and its support surface
Balance Disorders
- A disturbance that causes an individual to feel unsteady, giddy, or have a sensation of movement, spinning, or floating
- Berg's Balance Scale measures balance ability, ranging from 0 (no balance) to 4 (able to maintain balance with hands off and accepts maximal challenges)
Balance Training
- Static balance control:
- Maintaining sitting, half-kneeling, tall kneeling, and standing postures on a firm surface
- Tandem single-leg stance, squat positions, and working on soft surfaces
- Narrowing the BOS, moving the arms, or closing the eyes
- Balance training with perturbation:
- Internal or external perturbations to balance
- COG follows the moving body parts
- Dynamic balance exercises using movable surfaces:
- Swiss Ball
- Tilt Boards
Safety During Balance Exercises
- Use a gait belt and stand slightly behind and to the side of the patient
- Perform exercises near a railing or in parallel bars
- Avoid exercising near sharp edges of equipment or objects
- Check equipment to ensure it is operating correctly
- Ensure the floor is clean and free of debris
Indications for Balance Training
- Lower limb amputee rehabilitation
- Stroke rehabilitation
- Fracture rehabilitation
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Neuropathies
- Vestibular disorders
- Postural dysfunction
- Head trauma
Contraindications for Balance Training
- Spinal conditions such as herniated or prolapsed discs, spinal stenosis, spondylosis, scoliosis, etc.
- Osteoporosis
- Hip or knee replacement
- Pregnancy or recent childbirth
Understand the concept of balance, its definition, and how it relates to maintaining posture and equilibrium in dynamic activities.
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