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Questions and Answers
Which drug became a valuable agent for the treatment of severe infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since 2017?
Which drug became a valuable agent for the treatment of severe infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since 2017?
- Imipenem-Relebactam
- Meropenem-Cilastatin
- Meropenem-Avibactam (correct)
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam
What is the primary mechanism by which β-lactam antibiotics exert their antibacterial effect?
What is the primary mechanism by which β-lactam antibiotics exert their antibacterial effect?
- Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis
- Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
- Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis (correct)
- Disruption of the bacterial cell membrane
What is the main action of beta-lactamases in bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?
What is the main action of beta-lactamases in bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?
- Blocking β-lactam antibiotic entry into the cell
- Hydrolyzing the β-lactam ring (correct)
- Effluxing β-lactam antibiotics out of the cell
- Plasmid-mediated antibiotic deactivation
Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a way to mitigate the spread of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?
Which strategy is NOT mentioned as a way to mitigate the spread of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics?
What are β-lactam antibiotics most prevalently classified as?
What are β-lactam antibiotics most prevalently classified as?
What is the primary advantage of the BLBLIs in combination with BLs?
What is the primary advantage of the BLBLIs in combination with BLs?
What critical function does AIDsense serve in clinical settings?
What critical function does AIDsense serve in clinical settings?
How does Avibactam contribute to the effectiveness of β-lactams?
How does Avibactam contribute to the effectiveness of β-lactams?
Which designation is commonly granted to new associations of BLs: BLBLIs under research?
Which designation is commonly granted to new associations of BLs: BLBLIs under research?
What was a significant problem with the previous AID phenotypic method that AIDsense aims to improve?
What was a significant problem with the previous AID phenotypic method that AIDsense aims to improve?
Why is the re-investigation of the oldest and best-known class of drugs considered beneficial?
Why is the re-investigation of the oldest and best-known class of drugs considered beneficial?
What is the goal of using β-lactam antibiotics in combination with novel beta-lactamase inhibitors?
What is the goal of using β-lactam antibiotics in combination with novel beta-lactamase inhibitors?
What urgent need is highlighted regarding antibacterial agents in the context?
What urgent need is highlighted regarding antibacterial agents in the context?
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Study Notes
The Revival of β-Lactam Antibiotics
- β-Lactam antibiotics are the most widely used and successful antibacterial agents, but their effectiveness is challenged by resistance mediated by beta-lactamases.
- The combination of a β-lactam with a β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) can restore the efficacy of otherwise ineffective antibiotics.
Development of New Antibacterial Agents
- Many associations of BLs (BLBLIs) are under research and development, with some granted the Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP) designation.
- Pharmaceutical companies are investing in research and development of new antibacterials, including renewed β-lactam antibiotics with activity against problematic and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
AIDsense: A Novel Detection Method
- AIDsense is a novel method for β-lactamase detection with direct potential clinical applications as a diagnostic tool.
- It allows clinics/laboratories to rapidly confirm beta-lactamase resistance and identify the responsible gene, which is critical for epidemiological purposes.
β-Lactam Antibiotics and β-Lactamase Inhibitors
- β-Lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan), leading to cell lysis.
- β-Lactamase inhibitors, such as Avibactam, can restore the activity of different classes of β-lactams, including Cephalosporin, against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections.
- Meropenem-Avibactam has been a valuable agent for treating severe infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae since 2017.
Mitigating Resistance
- Strategies to mitigate the spread of resistance include optimizing current β-lactamase inhibitors and developing novel “renewed” β-lactam antibiotics.
- The development of new antibacterial agents is urgently needed to combat drug-resistant infections.
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