Bacteriophage Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance

What is the most likely reason the shigella infection persists despite the use of azithromycin?

What does the passage suggest is the doctor's primary concern when prescribing ciprofloxacin?

According to the passage, what does the term "antibiotic of last resort" refer to?

What is the main idea of the passage?

What is the likely implication of "four people die every hour from an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in the United States"?

How does the shigella bacteria evade the effects of azithromycin?

Which of these is NOT a symptom mentioned in the passage for the patient's shigella infection?

What is the implication of the passage's focus on "bacteriophage therapy"?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of the Iron Curtain on the development of phage therapy?

What prompted the renewed interest in phage therapy in recent years?

What makes phages a potentially valuable tool in combating bacterial infections?

Which of the following institutions is mentioned in the text as a pioneer in phage therapy?

What is the term used to describe the collection of viruses that naturally live in and on humans?

Why are phages sometimes called "living medicines"?

What is the significance of the fact that phage medicines were sold in pharmacies in Tbilisi, Georgia?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential benefit of phage therapy?

Which of the following is a valid reason why phage therapy is considered a promising alternative to antibiotics?

What was the primary purpose of the remedies made at Tbilisi's Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, and Virology?

Who was the founder of the institute that developed phage remedies?

How were phages matched to patients at the institute?

What distinguishes phages from antibiotics according to the content provided?

What type of infections did patients at the institute commonly battle?

Why were phages viewed with skepticism in the American medical establishment?

What marked a significant shift in the FDA's view of phage therapy?

What process do antibiotics primarily use to eliminate bacteria?

What is the composition of most phages that target human bacterial pathogens?

What occurs immediately after a lytic phage injects its genome into a bacterium?

What therapeutic potential was first described by Felix d'Hérelle in 1919?

What ultimately led to the decline in interest in phage therapy among Western scientists?

What characterizes strictly lytic phages in their interaction with host bacteria?

Who founded the Eliava Institute devoted to phage therapy research?

What is one of the main reasons phages are considered safe for mammalian cells?

How do phages reproduce after infecting a bacterial cell?

What is the primary function of the robot Neptune in the lab?

What does Neptune primarily measure every half hour during its operation?

What kind of environment does Neptune create for the bacteria it tests?

Why has phage therapy research gained support from institutions like the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases?

What is the significance of Neptune being able to extrapolate information for novel strains and phages?

How does Neptune create conditions for testing effectiveness against shigella?

What type of laboratory equipment does Neptune utilize to perform its tests?

What does Neptune do after loading the 96-well plates with bacteria and phages?

How does shigella manage to evade the effects of colistin?

What do bacteriophages specifically target?

What is the significance of describing shigella as a 'superbug'?

Why are bacteriophages considered a potential solution to antibiotic resistance?

What is a significant consequence of the failure to control antibiotic-resistant infections?

Where are bacteriophages commonly found?

What does the phrase 'post-antibiotic era' imply?

How do bacteria typically respond to an antibiotic like colistin initially?