Bacteriophage Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance

<p>To illustrate the dangers of antibiotic resistance and the need for alternative treatments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotic resistance is a growing threat to public health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces enzymes that neutralize the antibiotic molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nausea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriophage therapy is considered a promising alternative to antibiotics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soviet researchers' work on phage therapy remained largely unknown to the rest of the world, hindering its global development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a significant health threat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They target and destroy specific types of bacteria without harming beneficial bacteria. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Hirszfeld Institute (A), The Eliava Institute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human virome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are derived from living organisms and have biological activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrates that phage therapy is a well-established and widely accepted practice in some parts of the world. (B), It indicates that phage therapy has been used to treat a wide range of infections for a long time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of antibiotic resistance development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phages are effective in treating infections that respond poorly to antibiotics. (B), Phages can target a wide range of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat sore throats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giorgi Eliava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on bacterial cultures from samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phages are personalized therapies and living medicines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stubborn skin and gut infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were foreign and less reliable compared to antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approval of the first phage therapy trial in history (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing the replication of bacterial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An icosahedral head with a protein tail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bacterial DNA and protein synthesis machinery are hijacked (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The application of phage therapy to treat dysentery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The widespread success of penicillin during and after World War II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause the host cell to reproduce phage and then kill it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giorgi Eliava (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have evolved to only infect certain target bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By using the bacterial machinery to produce copies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To automate the testing of phages against bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The population of bacterial cells in the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nutrient-rich soup with glucose and amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due to a rise in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aids in predicting phage effectiveness against emerging bacterial threats. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By preloading with a specific nutrient solution found in the gut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of shallow tubes known as 96-well plates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It places the plates into an incubator to monitor phage activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By changing its outer cell membrane structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies its ability to resist multiple antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can specifically kill bacteria without affecting human cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased rate of complications and death from infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In locations where bacteria are prevalent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional antibiotics are becoming ineffective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensitive bacteria are killed, but resistant ones thrive later (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A treatment using bacteriophages to combat bacterial infections.

Viruses that specifically infect and destroy bacteria without harming human cells.

A metaphorical barrier that limited knowledge exchange during the Cold War, especially for Soviet research.

Bacteria that have become resistant to antibiotics, posing significant treatment challenges.

A prominent center in Georgia known for pioneering phage therapy research and application.

The collection of viruses present in and on the human body, including beneficial phages.

The community of microbes that live in and on our bodies, crucial for health.

A term used to describe phages as natural antiviral agents in health treatment.

A medical condition where the kidneys lose their ability to function properly.

An antibiotic used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria.

When bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics.

Present everywhere; especially in relation to phages in the environment.

A strategy used by bacteriophages to infiltrate bacteria.

A period where common infections can no longer be treated effectively with antibiotics.

A Soviet scientist who founded the Eliava Institute known for phage research.

Tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.

The process for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to authorize a treatment for public use.

Infections that do not respond quickly to standard treatments.

Phages are living medicines, unlike static antibiotics that kill bacteria indiscriminately.

A treatment that uses viruses to target and destroy bacteria.

A genus of bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal infections, leading to bloody diarrhea.

An antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections like stomach bugs.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic used for more severe infections when first-line treatments fail.

An infection affecting the stomach and intestines, often causing diarrhea and vomiting.

A biotech robot used for microbial warfare testing.

A set of shallow tubes used to grow bacteria and phages.

The process of testing interactions between bacteria and phages.

AI aids in predicting effective phage combinations.

Tests to evaluate the effectiveness of phages against bacteria.

The geometric structure of certain phages with 20 flat faces and protein composition.

A type of bacteriophage that causes the host bacterium to lyse or burst after replication.

The process where a phage injects its genetic material into a bacterium's periplasm.

When a phage takes control of bacterial machinery to replicate itself.

The offspring of a phage, often numbering in the hundreds, that emerge after lysis.

An English bacteriologist known for early discoveries of antibacterial viral agents.

A microbiologist credited with identifying the therapeutic potential of phages in 1919.