20 Questions
What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?
The lytic cycle leads to the destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle does not.
What allows the virus to replicate its DNA without harming the host cell in the lysogenic cycle?
Similar chemical composition of DNA in the virus and the host
What is a characteristic of the lytic cycle?
Viral proteins are assembled into new virus particles and the host cell is destroyed.
What is a result of one lytic cycle?
Millions of virions are released, ready to infect new host cells.
How do the lytic and lysogenic cycles contribute to viral infectivity?
The lytic cycle leads to high infectivity rates by producing millions of virions, while the lysogenic cycle does not contribute to infectivity.
Which cycle involves viral genome replication along with host genome replication without killing the host?
Lysogenic cycle
What is the absent stage in viruses undergoing the lytic cycle?
Prophage stage
Which type of cycle results in the production of numerous new virus particles?
Lytic cycle
What is a characteristic of bacteriophages in terms of their structure?
Possession of a capsid, viral envelope, genome, sheath, tail, and tail fibers
What is the lysogenic life cycle considered to be in terms of the bacteriophage life cycle?
A dormant or latent stage
What triggers the transition from lysogenic to lytic cycle in a bacteriophage?
Exposure to UV light and specific chemicals
What is the role of endonucleases encoded by phage genomes during the lytic cycle?
Degrades the bacterial chromosome
What is the outcome of lysogenic conversion in the host bacteria?
Enhanced virulence
What is the function of the ghost in the bacterial lytic infection cycle?
Remains outside the host bacteria
What triggers the induction of the lysogenic to lytic cycle transition in a bacteriophage?
UV light and specific chemicals
What is the process known as when a bacterium is infected by a temperate or non-virulent phage?
Lysogeny
What triggers the transition from lysogenic to lytic cycle?
Exposure to UV light
What is the first step in the bacterial lytic infection cycle?
Adsorption (Phage attachment)
What happens to the empty phage particle (phage head and tail without genome) after penetration into the bacterial cell?
It remains outside the host bacteria and is called the ghost
What is the term used for the phenotypical changes observed in bacteria due to the presence of a prophage?
Lysogenic conversion
Study Notes
Bacteriophage Replication Cycle
- Lytic cycle involves virus taking over host's systems, directing them towards new virion production, and killing the host cell by lysing
- Lysogenic cycle does not take full control over host cell mechanism, viral genome replication occurs along with host genome replication without killing the host
- Viruses in lysogenic cycle integrate their genome into host genome, known as prophage
- Prophage stage is absent in viruses undergoing the lytic cycle
- Genome replication in lytic cycle occurs independent of host cell replication, leading to higher yield of viral genomes compared to lysogenic cycle
- Lytic cycle results in production of numerous new virus particles, while lysogenic cycle ends up with the virus as a prophage
- Lytic cycle happens in a short duration, degrading and killing the host, whereas lysogenic cycle is slow and time-consuming, entering into stable symbiosis with its host
- Lysogenic cycle can convert into lytic one, but vice versa is not observed
- Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular viruses that infect bacteria to complete their life cycle
- Bacteriophages have a typical structure including a capsid, viral envelope, genome, sheath, tail, and tail fibers
- Diversity in phages is seen in possession of different compositions of nucleic acid in its genome
- Lysogenic life cycle is a dormant or latent stage of the bacteriophage life cycle, does not kill the host bacteria, and examples include lambda phage
Test your knowledge of the bacteriophage replication cycle with this quiz. Explore the differences between the lytic and lysogenic cycles, their impact on host cells, and the structure of bacteriophages. See how much you know about these obligate intracellular viruses and their diverse life cycles.
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