Bacteriophage Replication Cycle Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

The lysogenic cycle leads to the destruction of the host cell, while the lytic cycle does not.

The lytic cycle leads to the destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle does not. (correct)

Neither the lytic nor the lysogenic cycle leads to the destruction of the host cell.

Both the lytic and lysogenic cycles lead to the destruction of the host cell.

What allows the virus to replicate its DNA without harming the host cell in the lysogenic cycle?

Viral proteins that protect the host cell

Similar chemical composition of DNA in the virus and the host (correct)

Activation of the host cell's defense mechanisms

Rapid mutation of the viral DNA

What is a characteristic of the lytic cycle?

The virus remains dormant within the host cell.

Viral proteins are assembled into new virus particles and the host cell is destroyed. (correct)

The virus utilizes the host cell for its own reproduction without causing harm.

Viral DNA is replicated without harming the host cell.

What is a result of one lytic cycle?

Millions of virions are released, ready to infect new host cells. Signup and view all the answers

How do the lytic and lysogenic cycles contribute to viral infectivity?

The lytic cycle leads to high infectivity rates by producing millions of virions, while the lysogenic cycle does not contribute to infectivity. Signup and view all the answers

Which cycle involves viral genome replication along with host genome replication without killing the host?

Lysogenic cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the absent stage in viruses undergoing the lytic cycle?

Prophage stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cycle results in the production of numerous new virus particles?

Lytic cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of bacteriophages in terms of their structure?

Possession of a capsid, viral envelope, genome, sheath, tail, and tail fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the lysogenic life cycle considered to be in terms of the bacteriophage life cycle?

A dormant or latent stage Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the transition from lysogenic to lytic cycle in a bacteriophage?

Exposure to UV light and specific chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of endonucleases encoded by phage genomes during the lytic cycle?

Degrades the bacterial chromosome Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of lysogenic conversion in the host bacteria?

Enhanced virulence Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ghost in the bacterial lytic infection cycle?

Remains outside the host bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the induction of the lysogenic to lytic cycle transition in a bacteriophage?

UV light and specific chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the process known as when a bacterium is infected by a temperate or non-virulent phage?

Lysogeny Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the transition from lysogenic to lytic cycle?

Exposure to UV light Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the bacterial lytic infection cycle?

Adsorption (Phage attachment) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the empty phage particle (phage head and tail without genome) after penetration into the bacterial cell?

It remains outside the host bacteria and is called the ghost Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the phenotypical changes observed in bacteria due to the presence of a prophage?

Lysogenic conversion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacteriophage Replication Cycle

Lytic cycle involves virus taking over host's systems, directing them towards new virion production, and killing the host cell by lysing
Lysogenic cycle does not take full control over host cell mechanism, viral genome replication occurs along with host genome replication without killing the host
Viruses in lysogenic cycle integrate their genome into host genome, known as prophage
Prophage stage is absent in viruses undergoing the lytic cycle
Genome replication in lytic cycle occurs independent of host cell replication, leading to higher yield of viral genomes compared to lysogenic cycle
Lytic cycle results in production of numerous new virus particles, while lysogenic cycle ends up with the virus as a prophage
Lytic cycle happens in a short duration, degrading and killing the host, whereas lysogenic cycle is slow and time-consuming, entering into stable symbiosis with its host
Lysogenic cycle can convert into lytic one, but vice versa is not observed
Bacteriophages are obligate intracellular viruses that infect bacteria to complete their life cycle
Bacteriophages have a typical structure including a capsid, viral envelope, genome, sheath, tail, and tail fibers
Diversity in phages is seen in possession of different compositions of nucleic acid in its genome
Lysogenic life cycle is a dormant or latent stage of the bacteriophage life cycle, does not kill the host bacteria, and examples include lambda phage

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Description

Test your knowledge of the bacteriophage replication cycle with this quiz. Explore the differences between the lytic and lysogenic cycles, their impact on host cells, and the structure of bacteriophages. See how much you know about these obligate intracellular viruses and their diverse life cycles.