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Questions and Answers
What is the binomial system in nomenclature?
A naming system for organisms composed of a genus name and a species epithet.
Who introduced the binomial system of nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus
What does the genus name indicate in bacterial nomenclature?
To which genus the bacterium belongs.
What is an example of a scientific name for a bacterium?
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Trivial names for bacteria should always be written with a capital first letter.
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What is the preferred term for serovar according to the Rules of the Bacteriological Code?
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Which of the following is true about the name Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin?
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What is a subspecies in bacterial nomenclature?
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What does the term 'serogroup' refer to in bacterial classification?
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Who modified the microscope design in the 1660s?
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Study Notes
Nomenclature of Bacteria
- Bacteria are named using the binomial system, introduced by Carl Linnaeus.
- Each bacterium has a genus name and a species epithet, which together form the scientific name.
- Scientific names are always written in italics.
- The genus name is capitalized and the species epithet is not.
- Example: Moraxella bovis
- The genus name indicates the genus the bacterium belongs to.
- The species epithet is unique to the specific bacterium.
- The genus name can be abbreviated after its first use in a text.
- Example: M. bovis
- Strict international rules for naming bacteria are published in the "International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes".
- A scientific paper on a proposed species must be approved by an international taxonomy committee.
Trivial Names
- Trivial names are simplified ways of naming a bacterial genus.
- They are not capitalized or italicized.
- Examples: lactobacilli, mycobacteria, salmonella, staphylococci, and streptococci.
- Scientific names: Lactobacillus spp., Mycobacterium spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
Subspecies, Biovars, and Serovars
- Bacterial species can be divided into subspecies, biovars, or strains.
- Subspecies are less closely related than strains but more closely related than species.
- Subspecies are indicated by a subspecies epithet, such as Streptococcus equi subsp. equi.
- Biovars and strains are not strictly regulated and can be named by researchers.
- Serovar is a type of biovar that identifies surface antigens using antibodies.
Serovar vs. Serotype
- Serovar and serotype are synonyms.
- Serovar is the preferred term according to the Rules of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision).
- Serogroup is a group of bacteria sharing a common antigen.
- A serogroup may contain several serotypes.
Salmonella Nomenclature
- Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a bacterial subspecies with thousands of serovars.
- Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin is a common serovar.
- The serovar name is capitalized but not italicized.
- Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin can be abbreviated as S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin.
- In most cases, it is acceptable to simply write Salmonella Dublin after a full name has been used in the text.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nomenclature of bacteria, including the binomial system introduced by Carl Linnaeus. This quiz covers the rules for naming bacteria, including the use of genus names, species epithets, and trivial names. Get ready to explore the fascinating world of bacterial taxonomy!
