Bacterial Morphology and Structures

What is the primary function of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria?

To act as an effective barrier to large and hydrophobic molecules (correct)
To regulate the motility of the cell through flagella
To provide structural support to the cell
To facilitate the attachment of fimbriae and pili

What is the main component of the Mycobacterium cell wall responsible for its unique structure and function?

Mycolic acid (correct)
Peptidoglycan
Arabinogalactan
Lipopolysaccharides

Which component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall is responsible for eliciting a fever response in the host?

Teichoic acid
Lipopolysaccharides (correct)
Lipoteichoic acid
Peptidoglycan

What is the primary function of porin in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

To facilitate the passage of metabolites and small hydrophilic molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cell walls of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in terms of thickness?

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls?

Presence of teichoic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall?

To provide structural support and shape to the bacterial cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the cell wall of Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria?

The thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram Positive bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

To facilitate adherence to surfaces and other cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?

To inhibit phagocytosis by the host immune system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella in bacterial cells?

To facilitate movement and motility in the bacterial cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the peptidoglycan layer in the bacterial cell wall?

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of teichoic acid in Gram Positive bacteria?

To act as a surface antigen and facilitate adherence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the outer membrane in Gram Negative bacteria?

To link the peptidoglycan layer to the cell membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipoteichoic acid in Gram Positive bacteria?

To facilitate adherence to surfaces and other cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacterial cells?

To facilitate electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the waxy layer of mycolic acid in the cell wall of Mycobacteria?

To protect against white blood cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fimbriae in bacteria?

To promote adherence to other bacteria or host cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the capsule surrounding bacterial cells?

Polysaccharide or polypeptide (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the flagella in bacteria?

To provide motility to the bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the capsule in bacterial cells?

To act as a barrier for toxic hydrophobic molecules and lytic enzymes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pili in bacteria?

To facilitate the transfer of large segments of bacterial chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cell wall of Gram Positive bacteria?

Peptidoglycan (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Quellung reaction in capsule visualization?

To visualize the capsule by swelling it (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in bacterial cells?

To regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spores formed by bacteria?

To remain dormant during adverse environmental conditions (D) Signup and view all the answers