Bacterial Infection in Bone: Diagnosis and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to indicate that osseous healing has occurred, but in less than an optimal position?

  • Hypertrophic Nonunion
  • Atrophic Nonunion
  • Malunion (correct)
  • Pseusoarthrosis
  • Which type of nonunion is characterized by radiographically abundant callus formation, no bridging bone, and inadequate stability?

  • Pseusoarthrosis
  • Hypertrophic Nonunion (correct)
  • Oligotrophic Nonunion
  • Septic Nonunion
  • Inadequate blood supply, poor biology, and radiographically absent callus are characteristic of which type of nonunion?

  • Oligotrophic Nonunion
  • Pseusoarthrosis
  • Septic Nonunion
  • Atrophic Nonunion (correct)
  • What type of nonunion is indicated by slow progression to healing, at risk of non-union without intervention, and shows healing progress over time?

    <p>Delayed Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique utilizes radiographically abundant callus formation but lacks bridging bone and stability?

    <p>Electrical Stimulation for Bone Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operative treatment option is characterized by inadequate blood supply, poor biology, and radiographically absent callus?

    <p>Bone Grafting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the effects of compression and tension in Electrical Stimulation for bone healing?

    <p>Compression generates electronegative potentials while tension generates electropositive potentials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using Electrical Stimulation in bone healing?

    <p>Synovial pseudoarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the mechanism of action of Ultrasound in bone healing?

    <p>Ultrasound generates an acoustic pressure wave that stimulates faster bone healing in fresh fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) in bone healing?

    <p>To induce microtrauma in bone, stimulating neovascularization and cell differentiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect when considering Operative Treatment for bone healing?

    <p>The type of nonunion (Hyper-, oligo-, atrophic, or pseudarthrosis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes Autologous Bone Graft considered the 'gold standard' in bone healing?

    <p>'Gold standard' because it contains viable osteoblasts promoting vascular ingrowth and healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor associated with the formation of a false joint in pseudoarthrosis?

    <p>Excessive motion and instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion involves a reduction in blood flow leading to decreased new bone formation through organisms consuming nutrition to healthy bone?

    <p>Septic Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical element necessary for guiding the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent stem cells in bone healing according to the text?

    <p>Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of diamond concept osteogenic cells, which cells are responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs in bone healing?

    <p>Undifferentiated multipotent stem cells (MSCs) (bone marrow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor significantly associated with an increased risk of nonunion in bone healing?

    <p>Regular NSAID consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone healing process involves 'Relative Stability' of bony surfaces and includes fracture hematoma formation and cellular proliferation according to the text?

    <p>'Indirect (Secondary)' bone healing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of the 'Diamond Concept Osteoconductive Matrix' in bone healing according to the provided text?

    <p>'Extracellular matrix' serving as a scaffold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for ossification to occur at the fracture gap according to the text?

    <p>'Compression/distraction' encouraging osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered as a crucial element for guiding the process of simultaneous hard and soft callus formation during bone healing?

    <p>Osteogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to decreased peripheral oxygen tension and blood flow, posing challenges in wound healing and increasing the risk of nonunion?

    <p>NSAIDs Usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Autologous Bone Graft that makes it the 'gold standard' in bone healing?

    <p>It contains proteins and factors promoting vascular ingrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) in bone healing?

    <p>It induces microtrauma but fails to stimulate bone healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Diamond Concept, which component provides a scaffolding for new bone growth during bone healing?

    <p>Demineralized bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a fracture that has occurred a minimum of 9 months ago, has not healed, and shows no radiographic progression for 3 months?

    <p>Hypertrophic Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a fracture that shows slower progression to healing than expected and is at risk of non-union without intervention?

    <p>Delayed Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nonunion is characterized by the absence of callus, poor biology, and inadequate blood supply?

    <p>Oligotrophic Nonunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bone healing, what type of cells are responsible for the proliferation and differentiation of multipotent stem cells?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to indicate that osseous healing has occurred, but in a suboptimal position?

    <p>Malunion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes Hypertrophic Nonunions from other types of nonunion?

    <p>Radiographically abundant callus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor associated with a risk of nonunion in bone healing?

    <p>Decreased blood flow to the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes the 'osteogenic' cells in the Diamond Concept of bone healing?

    <p>Responsibility for hard callus formation at the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'osteoconductive matrix' play in bone healing according to the Diamond Concept?

    <p>Provides scaffold for osteoblast activity at the fracture site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is critical for 'Relative Stability' of bony surfaces in the bone healing process?

    <p>Fracture hematoma formation and cellular proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the Diamond Concept's 'mechanical stability' in bone healing?

    <p>Compression/distraction encouraging osteoblast function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is crucial for guiding the simultaneous formation of hard and soft callus during bone healing?

    <p>MSCs from the periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Diamond Concept' emphasizes which risk factor for nonunion related to patient work-up?

    <p>'Vascular disease' history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Osteoinductive mediators' according to the Diamond Concept include all EXCEPT:

    <p>'Excessive mechanical stability'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Atrophic nonunion' types in bone healing are characterized by:

    <p>'Radiographically absent callus formation'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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