Bacteria and Nitrogen Fixation Quiz

Azospirilium = Forms a symbiotic relationship with sugarcane and tropical grass Rhizobium = Provides nitrogen to legumes like alfalfa Nitrobacter = Converts ammonia (NH3) into nitrites (NO2) Nitrosomonas = Breaks down nitrites (NO2) into nitrates (NO3)

Bartonella = Causes cat scratch fever Rickettsia = Causes Rocky Mountain fever Wolbachia = Affects egg development and causes Zika virus Brucella = Causes zoonotic infections and spontaneous abortions in ungulates

Thiobacillus = Recycles sulfur using hydrogen, found in soil and used by miners with leach pads Zoogleal = Found in sewage, forms flock and sink Sphacontus = Found in sewage, forms flock and float Bordetella = Aerobic bacteria that is very fastidious

<p>Agrobacterium = Causes tree tumors B.cepacia = Uses 100 different organic molecules for energy, infects medical equipment and drugs Burkholderia = Formerly classified in gamma group, now known for its versatility in using organic molecules for energy Brucella abortus = Causes spontaneous abortions in ungulates, monitored in herds in Yellowstone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N. gonorrhea = Second most common STD/STI N. meningitis = Causes meningitis Legionella = Difficult to grow, found in water sources Pertussis = Causes whooping cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple sulfur bacteria = Found in hot springs and similar environments Neisseria Fimbriae = Attach to mucus membranes Legionella = In water, streams, AC units, hot tubs Gamma bacteria = Largest and diverse group of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple sulfur bacteria = Obligate anaerobes, do not need oxygen Neisseria Fimbriae = Use hydrogen sulfide for metabolism Legionella = Facultative intracellular parasites N. meningitis = Attacks the meninges and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PID (pelvic inflammatory) = Can be caused by untreated Conjunctiva infection Ribosomal studies = Differentiate between serovars of bacteria Intracellular pathogens = Reproduce inside/outside host cells Stick neck/coma/fever = Symptoms of N. meningitis infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N. gonorrhea = Infects mucus of urogenital areas (oral/anal) Pertussis = Can be passed from mothers to babies at birth if untreated Gamma bacteria = Most diverse group in terms of shapes, sizes, and metabolic pathways Legionella = Thrives in AC units and hot tubs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bubonic plague = Causes golf ball sized lymph nodes Septicemia plague = Results in blood pooling in skin and organs, giving a black appearance Pneumonic plague = Most contagious form spread from human to human via droplets Cronobacter = Pathogen causing meningitis and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serratia marcescens = Infections from respiratory equipment and poor catheter care Proteus P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis = Commonly found but not the most common to infect Vibrio cholerae = Causes cholera by producing enterotoxins in the intestines resulting in rice water stool Haemophilus influenzae = Causes earaches, bronchitis, and pneumonia in small kids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteurellaes = Pathogens in domestic animals belonging to the Haemophiles group Pseudomonadales = Break down 80 different organic compounds and are opportunistic pathogens Vibrionales = Found in aquatic habitats; V. cholerae causes severe dehydration through diarrhea Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Major cause of nosocomial infections, especially in burn and wound patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C.jejuni = Food poisoning C.fetus = Spontaneous abortion in domestic animals C.tetani = Tetanus C.botulinum = Botulism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H.pylori = Causes stomach ulcers/stomach cancer Clostridium = Produce endospores and toxins C.difficile = Causes ... Green sulfur bacteria and green non-sulfur bacteria = Do not provide O2, use H2S instead of H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Firmicutes = Low G-C ratio, most are soil organisms Actinobacteria = High G-C ratio, classified by DNA composition Gram-negative Cyanobacteria = ... Non-proteobacteria Gram-positive bacteria = ...</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotoxins from C.tetani = Cause painful muscle spasms Neurotoxins from C.botulinum = Block nerve functions, cause paralysis Cytotoxins from C.perfringens = ... ... = ...</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospores from Clostridium = ... Neurotoxins purified for botox and migraines = ... Gas emissions from C.perfringens = ... ... = ...</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterocyst in Cyanobacteria = ... Green sulfur bacteria and green non-sulfur bacteria = ... ... = ...</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listeria monocytogenes = Listeriosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis = Tuberculosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae = Walking pneumonia Chlamydia trachomatis = Chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actinobacteria = Common source of antibiotics Spirochetes = Spiral with axial filaments Mycoplasma = No cell wall Mycobacterium = Waxy walls, acid-fast, very slow growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S. aurofaciens = Chlortetracycline S. rimosis = Tetracycline S. griseus = Streptomycin S. erythraeus = Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bullseye rash, Fever, Joint pain, Neuro issues = Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease) Disfiguring, Circulatory problems, Nerve damage = Mycobacterium leprae (Leprosy) Tubercules of connective tissue surround bacteria (white death) = Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Trachoma in newborns (blindness), Gonococcal urethritis = Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listeria monocytogenes = Very serious to pregnant woman Mycoplasma hominis = Urogenital infections and complications of pregnancy Chlamydia trachomatis = Trachoma in newborns (blindness) Mycobacterium leprae = Causes disfiguring, circulatory problems, nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spirochetes = Move like drill, free living, water environments, various O2 requirements Actinobacteria = Obligate aerobes - facultative anaerobes, Capable of nitrogen fixation, Fresh dirt smell Mycoplasma pneumoniae = Pleomorphic like a fried egg Mycobacterium tuberculosis = (TB) Very slow growing, Waxy walls, acid-fast</p> Signup and view all the answers