30 Questions
What is the primary reason for developing levalbuterol?
To decrease the risk of tachycardia
What is the primary mechanism of action of short-acting B2 receptor agonists?
Inhibition of mediator release
What is the main concern with using long-acting B2 receptor agonists (LABAs) alone?
They lack anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying properties
What is the primary indication for short-acting B2 receptor agonists?
Acute bronchospasm (rescue inhaler) and prevention of exercise-induced asthma
What is the primary advantage of long-acting B2 receptor agonists (LABAs) over short-acting B2 receptor agonists?
They are more lipid soluble, which leads to a longer duration of action
What is the black box warning associated with long-acting B2 receptor agonists?
Increased risk of asthma-related death when used alone
What is the mechanism of action of Cromolyn (Intal)?
Inhibits degranulation and the subsequent release of histamine and leukotrienes
What is the dose-response of Theophylline (Elixophyllin)?
Dose-dependent increase in bronchodilation
How long would you expect aspirin-induced platelet inhibition to persist after drug discontinuation?
1 to 2 weeks
What is the recommended use of Leukotriene Inhibitors (LTRA) in asthma management?
In combination with high-dose ICS + LABA, considered prior to initiation of chronic corticosteroid therapy
Which drug requires hepatic metabolism to its active form?
Plavix (clopidogrel)
What is the time to peak serum concentration of Theophylline (Elixophyllin) oral formulation?
1 to 2 hours (depending on dosage form)
Which anticoagulant is contraindicated in pregnancy?
Coumadin (warfarin)
What action should be taken if a patient's INR is 4.7 while taking Coumadin (Warfarin)?
Hold Coumadin (Warfarin), then restart at a lower dose
What is the goal serum concentration of Theophylline (Elixophyllin)?
5 to 15 mcg/ml
What action should be taken if a patient's INR is 2.8 while taking Coumadin (Warfarin), and they are hypotensive, tachycardic, and experiencing a headache?
Continue current regimen
What is the mechanism of action of Omalizumab (Xolair)?
Inhibits IgE receptor binding on mast cells and basophils
What is a crucial consideration when managing a patient on Coumadin (Warfarin) who also has chronic condition C?
All of the above
What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin?
Inhibiting protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of initiation complexes and with aminoacyl translocation reactions
Which of the following bacteria is NOT covered by clindamycin?
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
What is a common adverse effect of clindamycin?
Diarrhea and C. difficile infections
What is a unique characteristic of linezolid's mechanism of action?
No cross-resistance with other drugs
What is a pharmacokinetic characteristic of clindamycin?
Well-absorbed into most tissues, except brain/CSF
What is the coverage of linezolid and tedizolid?
Gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, including MRSA and VRE
What is the primary function of the pathway in which TMP is involved?
Purine and nucleic acid production
What is the primary target of TMP's inhibitory activity?
Bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
What is the characteristic of TMP in mammalian cells?
It is 50,000 times less efficient than in bacterial cells
What is a common adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?
Tendonitis
What is the primary mechanism of action of metronidazole?
Production of toxic products in anaerobic cells
What is a contraindication for fluoroquinolone use?
Pediatric populations
Learn about short-acting B2 receptor agonists, including Albuterol and Levalbuterol, their effects on bronchospasm and exercise-induced asthma, and their adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Understand the benefits and risks of these medications.
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