Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cell surface marker is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis and triggers the release of IL-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF from monocytes?
Which cell surface marker is involved in the regulation of IgE synthesis and triggers the release of IL-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF from monocytes?
Which cell surface marker is a receptor for IL-2 and an adhesion molecule mediating homing to peripheral lymphoid organs?
Which cell surface marker is a receptor for IL-2 and an adhesion molecule mediating homing to peripheral lymphoid organs?
Which cell surface marker is an essential part of T and B cell antigen-stimulated activation?
Which cell surface marker is an essential part of T and B cell antigen-stimulated activation?
Which cell surface marker is involved in the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity as a subunit of NKG2-A complex?
Which cell surface marker is involved in the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity as a subunit of NKG2-A complex?
Signup and view all the answers
Which substances are added to vaccines to make them less immunogenic?
Which substances are added to vaccines to make them less immunogenic?
Signup and view all the answers
Where are the genes coding for MHC molecules in humans found?
Where are the genes coding for MHC molecules in humans found?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells present antigens to CD4 (T-helper) cells?
Which cells present antigens to CD4 (T-helper) cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of microscope is used for HLA testing?
What type of microscope is used for HLA testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immunoglobulin is most efficient in crossing the placenta?
Which immunoglobulin is most efficient in crossing the placenta?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the predominant immunoglobulin in humans with the longest half-life?
What is the predominant immunoglobulin in humans with the longest half-life?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immunoglobulin participates in agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization of toxins?
Which immunoglobulin participates in agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization of toxins?
Signup and view all the answers
Which immunoglobulin is known as the macroglobulin and is the most primitive?
Which immunoglobulin is known as the macroglobulin and is the most primitive?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Surface Markers and Their Roles
- Regulation of IgE Synthesis: CD23 is the cell surface marker that regulates IgE synthesis and triggers the release of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF from monocytes.
- IL-2 Receptor and Adhesion Molecule: CD25 functions as a receptor for IL-2 and serves as an adhesion molecule promoting homing to peripheral lymphoid organs.
- T and B Cell Activation: CD28 is essential for T and B cell antigen-stimulated activation, facilitating co-stimulatory signals during immune responses.
- Inhibition of NK Cell Cytotoxicity: NKG2-A is a subunit involved in inhibiting natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity.
Vaccine Composition and Immunogenicity
- Reducing Immunogenicity: Adjuvants or stabilizers are added to vaccines to make them less immunogenic and enhance the immune response.
MHC Molecules
- Location of MHC Genes: Genes coding for Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules are located on chromosome 6 in humans.
Antigen Presentation
- Antigen-Presenting Cells: Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells present antigens to CD4 (T-helper) cells, playing a critical role in the adaptive immune response.
Microscopy and HLA Testing
- HLA Testing Methodology: Flow cytometry is commonly used for Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) testing due to its ability to analyze multiple cell parameters simultaneously.
Immunoglobulin Properties
- Placental Transfer: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most efficient immunoglobulin in crossing the placenta, providing passive immunity to the fetus.
- Predominant Immunoglobulin: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the predominant immunoglobulin in humans and has the longest serum half-life.
- Functions in Immunity: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) participates in agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization of toxins, playing a vital role in innate and humoral immunity.
- Macroglobulin and Primitive Immunoglobulin: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is known as the macroglobulin and is considered one of the most primitive immunoglobulins in evolution.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge about the surface markers present on B cells and T cells, and their roles in the immune system. Identify the key markers associated with different cell types and their functions.
