50 Questions
What does ABP stand for?
Arterial Blood Pressure
Which of the following abbreviations represents a condition related to the prostate gland?
BPH
What does the abbreviation DKA stand for?
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Which abbreviation is associated with heart rhythm assessment?
ECG
What does the abbreviation INR stand for in medical terms?
International Normalized Ratio
Which abbreviation refers to a type of diabetes requiring insulin treatment?
IDDM
What does the abbreviation MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-Resistance Staph aureus
Which abbreviation refers to a test used to assess glucose tolerance?
GTT
What does the abbreviation ESR stand for in medical terms?
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
What does the abbreviation OTC stand for in medical context?
On The Counter
What does the abbreviation PR stand for in medical context?
Rectally
What does the abbreviation CK stand for in medical terms?
Creatinine Kinase
Which abbreviation represents a condition related to the kidneys?
CRF
What does the abbreviation ECG stand for in medical terms?
Electrocardiogram
Which abbreviation refers to a test used to assess glucose tolerance?
GTT
What does the abbreviation HRT stand for in medical context?
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Which abbreviation is associated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria?
MRSA
What does the abbreviation DVT stand for in medical context?
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Which abbreviation refers to a type of diabetes requiring insulin treatment?
IDDM
What does the abbreviation N&V stand for in medical terms?
Nausea & Vomiting
What does the abbreviation HCG stand for in medical terms?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
What does the abbreviation IBD stand for?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
What does the medical abbreviation 'CRF' stand for?
Chronic Renal Failure
Which of the following abbreviations represents a condition related to the heart?
IHD
What does the abbreviation 'PTH' stand for in medical terms?
Parathyroid Hormone
What does the medical abbreviation 'NTG' stand for?
Nitroglycerin
What does the abbreviation 'PE' stand for in medical context?
Pulmonary Embolism
What does the medical abbreviation 'PTT' stand for?
Partial Thromboplastin Time
What does the abbreviation 'ESR' stand for in medical terms?
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
What does the medical abbreviation 'CAD' stand for?
Coronary Artery Disease
Which abbreviation refers to a type of diabetes requiring insulin treatment?
DM
What does the medical abbreviation 'CrCl' stand for?
Creatinine Clearance
Which abbreviation represents a pulmonary function test?
PFT
What does the abbreviation 'NKDA' stand for in medical terms?
No Known Drug Allergy
What does the abbreviation 'PRN' stand for in medical context?
Pro re nata (as needed)
What does the abbreviation 'Amp' represent in medical terms?
Ampoule
Which abbreviation is associated with osteoarthritis?
OA
What does the medical abbreviation 'Syr' stand for?
Syrup
What does the abbreviation 'O.D.' stand for in medical context?
Once daily
Which abbreviation represents a condition related to the liver?
LFT
What does the abbreviation 'BTW' stand for in medical terms?
By the way
What does the medical abbreviation 'Ax' represent?
Axillary
Which of the following abbreviations refers to a type of diabetes insipidus?
DI
What does the abbreviation 'TDS' stand for in medical context?
Thrice daily
What does the medical abbreviation 'GFR' stand for?
Glomerular Filtration Ratio
Which abbreviation represents a condition related to the respiratory system?
RDS
What does the abbreviation 'liq' represent in medical terms?
Solution
Which abbreviation is associated with eye care?
OD
What does the abbreviation 'PKU' stand for in medical terms?
Phenylketonuria
Which abbreviation refers to a type of diabetes requiring insulin treatment?
IDDM
Study Notes
- Azithromycin is a widely used antibiotic with diverse applications in treating various bacterial infections.
- It is effective against Acute bacterial sinusitis caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae, and Acute otitis media caused by H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis or S. pneumoniae. However, it's not a first-line treatment for these conditions.
- Azithromycin is used for treating Community-acquired pneumonia due to C. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, or S. pneumoniae, Genital ulcer disease (chancroid) in men due to H. ducreyi, Pharyngitis or tonsillitis caused by S. pyogenes, and preventing and treating acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, or S. pneumoniae.
- Azithromycin has a broad but shallow antibacterial activity. It inhibits some Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, and many atypical bacteria.
- Azithromycin is not widely used as monotherapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to low barrier to resistance development.
- Extensive use of azithromycin has resulted in growing Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance.
- Some common side effects of azithromycin include diarrhea (5%), nausea (3%), and abdominal pain (3%). Less than 1% of people stop taking the drug due to side effects.
- Serious side effects include nervousness, skin reactions, anaphylaxis, Clostridium difficile infection, hearing loss, cholestatic hepatitis, delirium, and heart block. The drug interacts with certain drugs used to treat abnormal heart rhythms and can cause abnormal changes in the electrical activity of the heart.
- Azithromycin is effective against aerobic and facultative Gram-positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-sensitive only), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative microorganisms like Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus ducreyi, Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- The safety of azithromycin during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, but no harm has been found during pregnancy and only low levels are found in breast milk. It's recommended to use azithromycin with caution during breastfeeding.
- Azithromycin appears to be effective in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and potentially useful in asthma and sinusitis due to its suppression of inflammatory processes.
- Azithromycin prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus inhibiting translation of mRNA. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
- Azithromycin is an acid-stable antibiotic, so it can be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed, but absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration (Tmax) in adults is 2.1 to 3.2 hours for oral dosage forms. Due to its high concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma due to ion trapping and its high lipid solubility.
Test your knowledge about Azithromycin, an antibiotic medication used to treat various bacterial infections such as middle ear infections, strep throat, and pneumonia. Learn about its uses, side effects, and more!
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