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Questions and Answers
Which statement about bacteria is correct?
Which of the following is an example of an autotrophic bacterium?
How do heterotrophic bacteria obtain their energy and nutrients?
Which of the following processes is carried out by autotrophic bacteria?
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What is the primary role of heterotrophic bacteria in the environment?
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Which of the following statements about autotrophic bacteria is correct?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of heterotrophic bacteria?
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In which ecosystem would you expect to find a higher proportion of autotrophic bacteria?
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What is the primary source of energy for autotrophic bacteria?
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Which of the following processes is carried out by heterotrophic bacteria in the human gut?
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Study Notes
Autotrophic Bacteria
- Can live on inorganic compounds and break them down enzymatically
- Divided into two types: Photoautotrophs and Chemoautotrophs
Photoautotrophs
- Contain bacterial chlorophyll in their cells, enabling photosynthesis
- Example: Green sulphur bacteria
- Equation: 6CO2 + 12 H2S → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 12 S
Chemoautotrophs
- Lack chlorophyll, using energy from chemical reactions instead of light
- Energy is released from chemical reactions carried out by these bacteria
Heterotrophic Bacteria
- Live as:
- Parasites on plants, animals, and humans, causing diseases
- Saprophytes on dead organic matter
- Symbionts with other living organisms, sharing benefits (e.g., Rhizobium)
Bacterial Growth
- Each original cell divides to form two new cells, with the loss of the original parent
- Mathematical series describing growth: 2, 4, 8, 16, … or 2^0, 2^1, 2^2, 2^3, 2^4, …
Flagella Types
- Lophotrichous: A tuft of flagella at one pole of the cell
- Amphitrichous: A single or a tuft of flagella at the two poles of the cell
- Peritrichous: Many flagella distributed over the whole surface of the cell
Reproduction in Bacteria
- By Binary fission: Cell elongates, nucleus divides, and constriction increases until cell splits into two
- By Conidia formation: In certain families, ends of filaments become septated, forming a chain of conidia
Mode of Living in Bacteria
- Classified into three categories based on oxygen demands:
- Aerobes: Require free oxygen
- Anaerobes: Grow in absence of oxygen
- Facultative aerobes: Can live in presence or absence of oxygen
Mode of Nutrition in Bacteria
- Classified into two categories:
- Autotrophs: Build complex organic substances from simple inorganic sources
- Heterotrophs: Depend on ready-made organic materials derived from plants, animals, or humans
Kingdom Monera
- Includes Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Cyanobacteria (blue-greens)
- Characteristics:
- Nucleus absent or present in a primitive form
- Absence of sexual reproduction
- Absence of motile reproductive units
- Reproduction mainly by fission
Eubacteria (True Bacteria)
- Small, simple, and unicellular microorganisms
- Size varies from 1-5 μm
- Important in agriculture, nitrogen fixation, food, and industrial products
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Description
This quiz explores autotrophic bacteria and their ability to perform photosynthesis. It delves into the types of autotrophs, including photoautotrophs which use bacterial chlorophyll for energy production. An example with green sulphur bacteria is provided to illustrate the process.
