Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology by Meaza Adugna

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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of effector cells innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Smooth muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Exocrine glands

What is the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system?

Skeletal muscle

In what situations do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposing actions?

Control of heart rate

What are the two main states associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic activity?

Sympathetic: 'fight or flight', Parasympathetic: 'rest & digest' Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

Regulation of CVS, regulation of body temperature, initiation of 'fight' or 'flight' reaction, shunting of blood away from the skin and visceral into skeletal muscles, dilation of the bronchi to improve oxygenation, and dilation of the pupil. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major functions of the parasympathetic nervous system (PsNs)?

Slowing of the heart, increased gastric secretion, emptying of the bladder, emptying of the bowel, focusing of the eye for near vision, and constriction of the pupil. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major sites of neurotransmission in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Autonomic ganglia, autonomic neuroeffector junctions, and all somatic motor end plates on skeletal muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system?

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Signup and view all the answers

Where is acetylcholine (Ach) the neurotransmitter?

All autonomic ganglia, all parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions, some sympathetic neuroeffector junctions (those innervating sweat glands), and all somatic neuromuscular junctions. Signup and view all the answers

Where is norepinephrine (NE) the neurotransmitter?

At sympathetic postsynaptic neurons except those innervating sweat glands. Signup and view all the answers

What are cholinomimetic drugs?

Drugs that mimic acetylcholine on interaction with cholinoreceptors. Signup and view all the answers

What are adrenomimetic (sympathomimetic) drugs?

Drugs that mimic norepinephrine/epinephrine on interaction with adrenoceptors. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main classes of nicotinic receptors?

Ganglionic (Nn), muscle (Nm), and CNS subtypes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main classes of muscarinic receptors?

M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. Signup and view all the answers

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

At neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and the CNS. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of muscarinic receptors?

Mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junction, autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla, and the CNS. Signup and view all the answers