28 Questions
What is the effect of low dose epinephrine on blood pressure?
Decreases blood pressure
Which receptors are mainly responsible for the vasoconstriction effect of epinephrine?
α1 receptors
What is the effect of epinephrine on the heart rate?
Increases heart rate at low doses and decreases at high doses
What is the effect of epinephrine on the bronchial muscles?
Relaxation
What is the effect of epinephrine on blood sugar levels?
Increases blood sugar levels
What is one of the clinical uses of epinephrine?
Nasal decongestion
What is the effect of M3 receptors on blood vessels?
VASODILATION
What is the effect of acetylcholine on heart rate and force of cardiac contraction?
Decreased heart rate and contraction force
What is the therapeutic use of acetylcholine in ophthalmic surgery?
As a mitotic agent
What is the effect of atropine on the vagal nerve on the heart?
Block effects of vagal nerve on heart
What is the duration of action of acetylcholine?
Short duration
What is the effect of acetylcholine on the coronary blood flow when injected into the coronary artery?
Dramatic decrease in coronary blood flow
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?
To regulate heart rate and blood pressure
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
What is the type of adrenergic receptor that has a primary effect on the heart?
β1
What is the type of response elicited by the sympathetic nervous system?
Fight or flight response
What is the effect of epinephrine on the body?
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To promote digestion and relaxation
What is the effect of norepinephrine on blood vessels?
Vasoconstriction
What is the primary receptor affected by norepinephrine in blood vessels?
Alpha-1
What is the effect of norepinephrine on heart rate?
Increases heart rate
What is the therapeutic use of norepinephrine?
Hypovolemic shock
What is the enzyme responsible for metabolizing norepinephrine?
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
What is the effect of propranolol on heart rate?
Decreases heart rate
What is the therapeutic use of propranolol?
Hypertension
What is the neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
What is the subtype of muscarinic receptor mainly found on the heart?
M2
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in controlling blood vessels?
Has no effect on blood vessels
Test your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system, including its functions, regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, and the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Understand the key concepts and mechanisms that control cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood vessel constriction and dilation.
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