Y1S2 003 III Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System and Its Functions
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Y1S2 003 III Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System and Its Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of low doses of epinephrine on blood pressure?

  • Increases blood pressure due to vasoconstriction
  • Initially increases and then decreases blood pressure
  • Decreases blood pressure due to vasodilation (correct)
  • Has no effect on blood pressure
  • What is the effect of high doses of epinephrine on heart rate?

  • Decreases heart rate due to α1 stimulation
  • Increases heart rate due to β1 stimulation (correct)
  • Initially increases and then decreases heart rate
  • Has no effect on heart rate
  • Which of the following receptors is responsible for relaxation of bronchial muscles?

  • β2 (correct)
  • α1
  • α2
  • β1
  • What is the effect of epinephrine on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels by inhibiting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma?

    <p>To dilate bronchial muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of epinephrine?

    <p>Cerebral hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in relation to heart rate and blood pressure?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate and force of contraction, as well as constriction and dilatation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary response of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Fight, fright, or flight response and release of neurotransmitters from the adrenal medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of epinephrine on blood vessels?

    <p>It causes constriction of blood vessels through the activation of a1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in relation to heart rate and blood pressure?

    <p>It decreases heart rate and blood pressure through the release of neurotransmitters from the postganglionic parasympathetic fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the receptor mainly responsible for the sympathetic nervous system's effect on the heart?

    <p>β1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to smooth muscle in various organs?

    <p>It causes contraction of smooth muscle in various organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and force of cardiac contraction?

    <p>Decrease in heart rate and force of cardiac contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of M3 receptor stimulation on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of acetylcholine in ophthalmic surgery?

    <p>As a miotic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atropine on the heart rate?

    <p>Initial decrease followed by increase in heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone of bronchial muscles?

    <p>Contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for acetylcholine not having much clinical application?

    <p>It is rapidly hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and has non-specific effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of norepinephrine on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of inactivation of epinephrine in the liver?

    <p>By Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of propranolol in relation to the renin-angiotensin pathway?

    <p>To reduce renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subtype of muscarinic receptor mainly found on the heart?

    <p>M2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine on coronary blood flow?

    <p>Increases coronary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of propranolol on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of action of inhaled epinephrine?

    <p>Local bronchial smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine on blood glucose levels?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical use of norepinephrine?

    <p>As a vasopressor agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

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