Y1S2 003 III Pharmacology Autonomic Nervous System and Its Functions

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What is the effect of low doses of epinephrine on blood pressure?

Increases blood pressure due to vasoconstriction
Initially increases and then decreases blood pressure
Decreases blood pressure due to vasodilation (correct)
Has no effect on blood pressure

What is the effect of high doses of epinephrine on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate due to α1 stimulation
Increases heart rate due to β1 stimulation (correct)
Initially increases and then decreases heart rate
Has no effect on heart rate

Which of the following receptors is responsible for relaxation of bronchial muscles?

β2 (correct)
α1
α2
β1

What is the effect of epinephrine on blood glucose levels?

Increases blood glucose levels by inhibiting insulin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma?

To dilate bronchial muscles (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of epinephrine?

Cerebral hemorrhage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system in relation to heart rate and blood pressure?

Regulation of heart rate and force of contraction, as well as constriction and dilatation of blood vessels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary response of the sympathetic nervous system?

Fight, fright, or flight response and release of neurotransmitters from the adrenal medulla (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of epinephrine on blood vessels?

It causes constriction of blood vessels through the activation of a1 receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system in relation to heart rate and blood pressure?

It decreases heart rate and blood pressure through the release of neurotransmitters from the postganglionic parasympathetic fibres (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the receptor mainly responsible for the sympathetic nervous system's effect on the heart?

β1 receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to smooth muscle in various organs?

It causes contraction of smooth muscle in various organs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the heart rate and force of cardiac contraction?

Decrease in heart rate and force of cardiac contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of M3 receptor stimulation on blood vessels?

Vasodilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of acetylcholine in ophthalmic surgery?

As a miotic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of atropine on the heart rate?

Initial decrease followed by increase in heart rate (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on the tone of bronchial muscles?

Contraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for acetylcholine not having much clinical application?

It is rapidly hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and has non-specific effects (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of norepinephrine on blood vessels?

Vasoconstriction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of inactivation of epinephrine in the liver?

By Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and Catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of propranolol in relation to the renin-angiotensin pathway?

To reduce renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the subtype of muscarinic receptor mainly found on the heart?

M2 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of norepinephrine on coronary blood flow?

Increases coronary blood flow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of propranolol on heart rate?

Decreases heart rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of action of inhaled epinephrine?

Local bronchial smooth muscle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of norepinephrine on blood glucose levels?

Increases blood glucose levels (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of norepinephrine?

As a vasopressor agent (B) Signup and view all the answers