30 Questions
Where are the cell bodies located in the sympathetic nervous system?
Cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of the spinal cord grey matter (T1-L2/3).
What is the pathway of pre and post ganglionic axons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Pre-ganglionic axons are short and post-ganglionic axons are long.
What is the origin of splanchnic nerves and which system do they belong to?
Splanchnic nerves originate in the spinal cord and belong to the sympathetic system.
What is the role of the Vagus nerve and which system does it belong to?
The Vagus nerve is important for regulating heart rate and belongs to the parasympathetic system.
Where are the cell bodies located in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cell bodies are located in the brainstem and the sacral spinal cord (S2-S4).
What is the pathway of pre and post ganglionic axons in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Both pre and post-ganglionic axons are long.
What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the autonomic nervous system?
The enteric nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Which type of neurons respond to mechanical, thermal, osmotic, and chemical stimuli in the enteric nervous system?
Sensory neurons
What is the main function of interneurons in the enteric nervous system?
Integrate information from sensory neurons and feedback to the enteric motor neurons
What is the role of parasympathetic nervous system in the body?
Rest and Digest responses
Which action is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Dilates bronchioles of the lung, which allows for greater alveolar oxygen exchange
What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on digestion?
Increases digestion by dilating blood vessels of the GI tract, increasing blood flow
What is the function of motor neurons in the enteric nervous system?
Control motility, secretion, and absorption by acting on smooth muscle and secretory cells
Which response is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Increases heart rate and the contractility of cardiac cells, increasing the blood flow to skeletal muscles
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
Control involuntary bodily functions
What is the relationship between the enteric nervous system and the central nervous system?
The enteric nervous system is capable and does operate on its own, independent from the central nervous system
Where are the preganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic division located?
Brainstem nuclei of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
Which region forms the Lesser Splanchnic Nerve?
T10-T11
Where do the sympathetic axons from thoracic levels travel to provide sympathetic innervation to the head?
Cervical ganglion and then as the carotid plexus around the Internal Carotid Artery
Where do the postganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system synapse?
Prevertebral ganglia
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has a 'long pre-ganglionic component' and a 'short post-ganglionic component'?
Parasympathetic division
Which nerve supplies visceral organs in the head and travels as far caudally as the left colic flexure of the large intestine?
Vagus nerve
Which is the intrinsic nervous system of the Gastrointestinal Tract?
Enteric nervous system
What type of axons are myelinated in the autonomic nervous system?
Pre-ganglionic axons
Where are the cell bodies located for the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
T1-L2 spinal cord regions
Which regions are involved in the sympathetic innervation of the heart and lungs?
T1-T4 segments and cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
What structures are involved in the sympathetic nervous system innervation of glands and blood vessels in the skin?
Specific options for the autonomic pathway
What is the route for pre-ganglionic axons in the sympathetic autonomic pathway to reach paravertebral ganglia?
Through the white rami communicans
Where do post-ganglionic axons synapse to reach prevertebral ganglia in the sympathetic autonomic pathway?
On splanchnic nerves
What is the rule followed by the autonomic nervous system in terms of its divisions?
Rule of 2's, with two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System Pathways and Innervation
- The nervous system components include the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system, each with specific functions and structures.
- The autonomic nervous system has a 2-neuron chain from the spinal cord, involving preganglionic and postganglionic axons that travel to target organs.
- Pre-ganglionic axons in the autonomic nervous system are myelinated, while post-ganglionic axons are unmyelinated.
- The autonomic nervous system follows the "Rule of 2's," with two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) arising from specific regions of the central nervous system.
- The sympathetic division has cell bodies in the T1-L2 spinal cord regions, with axons traveling internally as General Visceral Efferent (GVE) type axons.
- The sympathetic nervous system involves structures such as the paravertebral ganglia, dorsal and ventral roots, and gray and white rami communicans.
- The autonomic pathway involves pre-ganglionic axons leaving the lateral horn, traveling through the white rami communicans to reach paravertebral ganglia, and then synapsing on splanchnic nerves to reach prevertebral ganglia.
- The sympathetic innervation of visceral organs in the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis occurs through specific pathways, with exceptions for the heart and lungs.
- The sympathetic innervation of the heart and lungs involves T1-T4 segments and cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves, with potential contributions from cervical ganglia.
- The sympathetic nervous system innervates glands and blood vessels in the skin, with specific options for the autonomic pathway.
- The sympathetic autonomic pathway offers various options for innervation, including specific routes for blood vessels and glands in the skin, and for visceral organs.
- The sympathetic autonomic pathway involves complex neural pathways and innervation patterns, with specific routes for different target organs and structures.
Test your knowledge of autonomic nervous system pathways and innervation with this quiz. Explore the 2-neuron chain, myelination of axons, divisions, and specific innervation patterns for visceral organs, glands, and blood vessels.
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