48 Questions
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) prepares the body for physical activity?
Sympathetic division
How many pairs of spinal nerves form 5 plexuses to serve specific regions of the body?
31 pairs
Which part of the spinal cord contains gray matter with sensory and motor horns?
Cervical enlargement
What is the function of the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Prepares the body for physical activity
Which part of the spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions?
Spinal cord
What does the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) control?
Involuntary functions of glands, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) calms body functions?
Parasympathetic division
What do cortical pathways include?
Somatic sensory and motor pathways
What does the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) use to prepare the body for physical activity?
Different neurotransmitters and receptors
What does the cerebellum coordinate?
Motor activities at multiple levels
Which part of the spinal cord involves upper and lower motor neurons and includes the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts?
Somatic motor pathways
What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Calms body functions
Which receptor serves as a proprioceptor and monitors the position and movement of body parts?
Muscle spindle
Which reflex helps to maintain equilibrium and posture by stabilizing joints?
Stretch (myotactic) reflex
Which reflex arc uses an ipsilateral pathway for stimulus and response?
Flexor reflex
What is the function of the crossed extension reflex?
Maintains balance by extending the other limb
What type of reflex pathway involves signals traveling over many synapses on their way to the muscle?
Polysynaptic reflex arc
What are tendon organs?
Proprioceptors in a tendon near its junction with a muscle
What is the response to excessive tension on the tendon?
Inhibits the muscle from contracting strongly
Where are integrative centers located?
Gray matter of the cord or brainstem
What do efferent nerve fibers carry?
Motor impulses to muscles
What is the function of afferent nerve fibers?
Carry information from receptors to the brainstem
What is the role of effectors in a reflex arc?
The muscles that carry out the response
What is the primary function of the stretch (myotactic) reflex?
Helps maintain equilibrium and posture
What is the primary function of a muscle spindle?
To monitor position and movement of body parts
Which reflex helps to maintain equilibrium and posture by stabilizing joints?
Stretch reflex
What is the function of afferent nerve fibers?
To carry information from receptors to the brainstem
What is the role of effectors in a reflex arc?
To be the muscles that carry out the response
What is the function of the crossed extension reflex?
To maintain balance by extending the other leg
What is the function of the tendon reflex?
To moderate muscle contraction before it tears the tendon
Where are integrative centers located in the reflex arc?
In the gray matter of the cord or brainstem
What is the function of efferent nerve fibers in a reflex arc?
To carry motor impulses to muscles
What is the function of the flexor reflex?
To trigger contraction of the flexors and relaxation of the extensors in the limb
What is the function of tendon organs?
To serve as proprioceptors and be involved in the tendon reflex
What type of reflex pathway involves signals traveling over many synapses on their way to the muscle?
Polysynaptic reflex arc
What is the function of afferent nerve fibers in a reflex arc?
To carry information from receptors to the brainstem
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary functions of glands, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles?
Sympathetic division
Which part of the spinal cord coordinates motor activities at multiple levels and is involved in preparing for movement and fine-tuning movements?
Cerebellum
How many pairs of spinal nerves form 5 plexuses to serve specific regions of the body?
32 pairs
What is the primary function of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts in the somatic motor pathways?
Voluntary motor control
Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) calms body functions?
Parasympathetic division
What type of pathways involve functional maps of the primary somatosensory and motor cortex?
Somatic motor pathways
What is the primary function of the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
Preparing the body for physical activity
What is the role of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) in controlling involuntary functions?
Regulating glandular secretions
What does the sympathetic division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) use to prepare the body for physical activity?
Norepinephrine
What do somatic sensory pathways include?
Spinothalamic, posterior column, and spinocerebellar pathways
What is the function of the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts in somatic motor pathways?
Voluntary motor control
What is the function of the cerebellum in the nervous system?
Coordinating motor activities
Study Notes
The Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System
- Functions of the spinal cord include conduction, neural integration, locomotion, and reflexes
- The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions, with thicker areas in the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements
- It contains gray matter with sensory and motor horns, and white matter with bundles of axons and various tracts
- Spinal nerves consist of 31 pairs and form 5 plexuses, with each pair serving specific regions of the body
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary functions of glands, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles
- The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, with each carrying out specific functions
- The sympathetic division prepares the body for physical activity, while the parasympathetic division calms body functions
- The ANS uses different neurotransmitters and receptors to produce opposing effects
- Cortical pathways include somatic sensory and motor pathways, which involve functional maps of the primary somatosensory and motor cortex
- Somatic sensory pathways include the spinothalamic, posterior column, and spinocerebellar pathways
- Somatic motor pathways involve upper and lower motor neurons and include the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
- The cerebellum coordinates motor activities at multiple levels and is involved in preparing for movement and fine-tuning movements
The Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nervous System
- Functions of the spinal cord include conduction, neural integration, locomotion, and reflexes
- The spinal cord is divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions, with thicker areas in the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements
- It contains gray matter with sensory and motor horns, and white matter with bundles of axons and various tracts
- Spinal nerves consist of 31 pairs and form 5 plexuses, with each pair serving specific regions of the body
- The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls involuntary functions of glands, cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles
- The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, with each carrying out specific functions
- The sympathetic division prepares the body for physical activity, while the parasympathetic division calms body functions
- The ANS uses different neurotransmitters and receptors to produce opposing effects
- Cortical pathways include somatic sensory and motor pathways, which involve functional maps of the primary somatosensory and motor cortex
- Somatic sensory pathways include the spinothalamic, posterior column, and spinocerebellar pathways
- Somatic motor pathways involve upper and lower motor neurons and include the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
- The cerebellum coordinates motor activities at multiple levels and is involved in preparing for movement and fine-tuning movements
Test your knowledge of the spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system with this quiz. Explore functions, divisions, pathways, and structures involved in controlling movement and involuntary bodily functions.
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