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Questions and Answers
What type of autonomic action occurs when the sympathetic system stimulates cardiac properties while the parasympathetic inhibits them?
What type of autonomic action occurs when the sympathetic system stimulates cardiac properties while the parasympathetic inhibits them?
Which autonomic action describes the situation where different effector tissues receive opposite signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
Which autonomic action describes the situation where different effector tissues receive opposite signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?
During grief, what action does the sympathetic system primarily perform?
During grief, what action does the sympathetic system primarily perform?
In which scenario do both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems produce identical effects?
In which scenario do both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems produce identical effects?
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Which organs are exclusively supplied by the sympathetic nervous system?
Which organs are exclusively supplied by the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
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Which statement accurately describes the structure of the autonomic nerve pathway?
Which statement accurately describes the structure of the autonomic nerve pathway?
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Which of the following correctly describes terminal autonomic ganglia?
Which of the following correctly describes terminal autonomic ganglia?
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What is a distinct property of autonomic ganglia compared to other types of nerve relay?
What is a distinct property of autonomic ganglia compared to other types of nerve relay?
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Which division of the autonomic nervous system arises from the thoracic and upper lumbar segments?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system arises from the thoracic and upper lumbar segments?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary actions, like cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, or glands
- It involves both peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) components.
- Autonomic pathways consist of two neurons:
- Preganglionic neuron: Located in the CNS
- Postganglionic neuron: Located in autonomic ganglion.
- Anatomical divisions of ANS:
- Cranial: Originating from cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) nuclei.
- Thoraco-lumbar: Originating from the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
- Sacral: Originating from the sacral segments of the spinal cord.
- Physiological divisions of ANS:
- Sympathetic: Thoraco-lumbar, "fight-or-flight" response
- Parasympathetic: Cranio-sacral, "rest-and-digest" response
Autonomic Ganglia
- Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
- Preganglionic fibers synapse with postganglionic fibers.
- Types:
- Lateral (paravertebral): Along vertebral column (sympathetic)
- Collateral (prevertebral/preaortic): Anterior to aorta (sympathetic)
- Terminal: In the wall of organs (parasympathetic)
- Properties:
- One-way transmission: Impulses only travel from preganglionic to postganglionic fibers.
- One relay: Nerve signals are typically relayed one time in the ganglion.
- One chemical transmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh) in some cases.
- Delay: Transmission delay in synapses.
- Convergence/Divergence: Signals can be combined or distributed.
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems
- General Features:
- Most organs have dual innervation from both systems.
- Reciprocal action: Stimulation of one system inhibits the other (e.g., heart).
- Antagonistic action: Opposite effects on target organs (e.g., pupil dilation and constriction).
- Complementary action: Systems work together for specific functions (e.g., erection and ejaculation).
- Single innervation: Some organs are only innervated by one system.
- Sympathetic System:
- Thoracolumbar origin.
- Preganglionic fibers are short, postganglionic fibers are longer
- Neurotransmitter is norepinephrine (NE) in most cases with some preganglionic synapses using ACh.
- Horner's Syndrome: Lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves associated with eye symptoms.
- Parasympathetic System:
- Craniosacral origin.
- Preganglionic fibers are longer, postganglionic fibers are shorter
- Neurotransmitters are ACh..
Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh): Central and Peripheral
- Nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions
- Muscarinic receptors in parasympathetic target organs.
- Catecholamines:
- Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine): Sympathetic target organs.
- Adrenal medulla secretes 80% adrenaline and 20% noradrenaline.
- Alpha and beta receptors are types of adrenergic receptors.
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Description
Explore the structure and functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in this quiz. Learn about the differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, as well as the role of autonomic ganglia. Test your knowledge on how this intricate system controls involuntary actions.
