30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?
Skeletal muscle contraction
What is the neurotransmitter released by preganglionic fibers in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Acetylcholine
What type of receptors do muscarinic receptors belong to?
Metabotropic receptors
What is the function of the postganglionic fiber in the autonomic nervous system?
Terminates in smooth cardiac muscle or a gland
What is the term for the 'fight or flight' response?
Sympathetic response
What type of receptor is stimulated by acetylcholine in the autonomic nervous system?
Nicotinic receptor
What is the mechanism of action of succinylcholine on the nicotinic receptors?
Acts like acetylcholine to depolarize the junction
What is the antidote for neuromuscular blockers?
Neostigmine
What is the effect of succinylcholine on muscle contraction?
Initially causes fasciculations, then flaccid paralysis
What is the source of tubocurarine?
All of the above
What is a side effect of neuromuscular blockers?
Bronchoconstriction
What is the mechanism of action of dantrolene?
Blocks Ca release to decrease muscle contraction
What is the effect of pilocarpine on the ciliary muscle?
Contraction
Which of the following is a reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase?
Carbamates
What is the site of absorption of nicotine?
Skin
Which of the following is an example of a chemical warfare agent?
Tabun
What is the side effect of organophosphates that can be remembered using the acronym DUMBBELS?
Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Brachycardia, Emesis, Lacrimation, and Salivation
What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning that works by reactivating acetylcholinesterase?
Pralidoxime
What is the mechanism of action of homatropine?
Inhibits release of IP3 and inhibits PDE
What is the use of scopolamine transdermal patch?
Prevention of motion sickness
What is the indication for the use of trihexyphenidyl, benztropine, and biperiden?
Parkinson's disease
What is the advantage of using quaternary amine antimuscarinic drugs?
More peripheral effect, less CNS effects
What is the use of atropine or its analogs in ophthalmologic practice?
To prevent synechia formation
What is the use of tiotropium?
To treat respiratory disorders, such as asthma
What is the effect of alpha 1 receptors on blood pressure?
Increase in blood pressure
What is the effect of nicotine on ganglia?
Initially stimulates and then blocks ganglia
What is the effect of beta 2 receptors on the uterus?
Relaxes the uterus
What is the effect of hexamethonium on ganglia?
Only blocks ganglia without prior stimulation
What is the effect of trimethaphan on the body?
Blocks ganglia without prior stimulation
What is the effect of dantrolene on muscle cells?
Blocks calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
This quiz covers the functions of the autonomic nervous system, including visceral functions, cardiac output, blood flow, digestion, and the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Understand the origin and neurotransmitters involved in pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic fibers.
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