Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the somatic nervous system?
What is the 'fight or flight' response associated with?
What is the 'fight or flight' response associated with?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?
What is the primary function of the enteric nervous system?
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What is the opposite of the 'fight or flight' response?
What is the opposite of the 'fight or flight' response?
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Which component of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating autonomic functions without conscious control?
Which component of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating autonomic functions without conscious control?
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What is the relationship between the enteric nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?
What is the relationship between the enteric nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?
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What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?
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Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
- Regulates autonomic functions that occur without conscious control
- Consists of three parts: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems
Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): "Fight or flight" response, supports survival during times of stress
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): "Rest and Digest" response, opposite effects of SNS
Neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine (ACh): found in parasympathetic neuroeffector junctions, autonomic ganglia, somatic neuromuscular junctions, and sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland
- Norepinephrine (NE): found in sympathetic postganglionic neuroeffector junctions
Cholinergic Receptors
- Muscarinic (M) receptors: found in organs that receive parasympathetic innervations, subtypes include M1, M2, M3, M4, M5
- Nicotinic (N) receptors: found in vertebrate skeletal muscle (Nm) and autonomic ganglia and adrenal glands (Nn)
Adrenergic Receptors
- Alpha (α) receptors: subtypes include α1 (α1A, α1B, α1D) and α2 (α2A, α2B, and α2C)
- Beta (β) receptors: subtypes include β1, β2, β3
ANS Anatomy
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): arises from the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): includes portions of cranial nerves III, VII, IX, and X, and sacral spinal cord, craniosacral distribution
- Vagus nerve (X) is the most important
Ganglia
- Efferent path consists of a two-neuron chain with a synapse interposed between the CNS and effector cells
- Function is to transfer and modify signals from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron
- Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS): short preganglionic fiber and long postganglionic fiber, widespread activation of organs during sympathetic stimulation
- Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS): long preganglionic fibers and short postganglionic fibers, with ganglia often located in the innervated organs, allowing for more controlled regulation
Enteric Nervous System (ENS)
- Consists of a network of nerves located in the gut wall that regulates gastrointestinal motility and secretion
- Innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- Integrates autonomic input with localized reflexes to synchronize propulsive contractions of gut muscle (peristalsis) and regulate glandular secretion
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Description
Understand the Autonomic Nervous System, its parts, and functions, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as neurotransmitters like Acetylcholine.
