Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune disease?
- Is acute and progressive (correct)
- Can be genetically linked and can also be physiological
- Involves humoral and cell mediated responses
- Involves a lack of tolerance
In Trypanosoma cruzi infections, antibodies attack myocardial cells. This is an example of:
In Trypanosoma cruzi infections, antibodies attack myocardial cells. This is an example of:
- Bystander effect (correct)
- Abnormal display of self-antigens
- Type 1 hypersensitivity
- Molecular mimicry
What does a cryptic epitope refer to?
What does a cryptic epitope refer to?
- Loss of tolerance to a previously known self-antigen
- Bacterial epitope that induces molecular mimicry
- Induces rheumatoid arthritis
- Part of the host previously unexposed to the immune system (correct)
Which response mechanism is NOT typically associated with autoimmune diseases?
Which response mechanism is NOT typically associated with autoimmune diseases?
What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from other pathologies?
What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from other pathologies?
When the immune system reacts to a pathogen, causing collateral damage to healthy tissue, it is known as:
When the immune system reacts to a pathogen, causing collateral damage to healthy tissue, it is known as:
What is the main consequence of a lack of induction or maintenance of tolerance in autoimmunity?
What is the main consequence of a lack of induction or maintenance of tolerance in autoimmunity?
Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?
Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?
What phenomenon causes the exposure of hidden self-antigens in autoimmunity?
What phenomenon causes the exposure of hidden self-antigens in autoimmunity?
Which factor contributes to autoimmune susceptibility in rare dog breedings as per the text?
Which factor contributes to autoimmune susceptibility in rare dog breedings as per the text?
What is the primary mechanism through which autoimmunity arises according to the text?
What is the primary mechanism through which autoimmunity arises according to the text?
Why do non-tolerant T cells contribute to the development of autoimmunity?
Why do non-tolerant T cells contribute to the development of autoimmunity?
Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?
Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?
Which of the following is NOT an example of primary immunodeficiency?
Which of the following is NOT an example of primary immunodeficiency?
What do you suspect when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?
What do you suspect when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?
What is the likely cause when an individual exhibits pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation from a blood draw?
What is the likely cause when an individual exhibits pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation from a blood draw?
Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?
Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?
When faced with a case of pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, what condition should be considered last?
When faced with a case of pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, what condition should be considered last?
What type of graft triggers no immune response?
What type of graft triggers no immune response?
In Allograft rejection, which major source triggers antibody formation?
In Allograft rejection, which major source triggers antibody formation?
Which type of rejection occurs minutes to hours after grafting due to pre-existing antibodies binding donor cell antigens?
Which type of rejection occurs minutes to hours after grafting due to pre-existing antibodies binding donor cell antigens?
What is the goal of preventing Allograft rejection?
What is the goal of preventing Allograft rejection?
Which strategy focuses on blocking T cell costimulation to prevent Allograft rejection?
Which strategy focuses on blocking T cell costimulation to prevent Allograft rejection?
What initiates the rejection process in a Xenograft transplant?
What initiates the rejection process in a Xenograft transplant?
Which type of transplant has the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?
Which type of transplant has the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?
What is the most frequent type of graft that has become routine for kidneys and bone marrow?
What is the most frequent type of graft that has become routine for kidneys and bone marrow?
Which pathway in the rejection process involves the graft antigen presenting cell trying to work with host T cells causing an immune reaction?
Which pathway in the rejection process involves the graft antigen presenting cell trying to work with host T cells causing an immune reaction?
What is the main source of damage that leads to arterial occlusion and graft failure in chronic rejection?
What is the main source of damage that leads to arterial occlusion and graft failure in chronic rejection?
What is the cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians (horses), Jack Russels (dogs), and Angus, Black Pied Danish, and Freisan cattle?
What is the cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians (horses), Jack Russels (dogs), and Angus, Black Pied Danish, and Freisan cattle?
Which species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?
Which species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?
What is the primary cause of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in horses older than 3 years?
What is the primary cause of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in horses older than 3 years?
Which virus invades and attacks T and B lymphocytes in canines?
Which virus invades and attacks T and B lymphocytes in canines?
What is the clinical sign associated with Feline Leukemia Virus infection?
What is the clinical sign associated with Feline Leukemia Virus infection?
What mechanism does the Feline Leukemia Virus use to attack T cells?
What mechanism does the Feline Leukemia Virus use to attack T cells?
What is the cause of Type D Simian Retrovirus infection in primates?
What is the cause of Type D Simian Retrovirus infection in primates?
What is the main clinical sign associated with Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome?
What is the main clinical sign associated with Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome?
What is the feature common to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians and Jack Russels?
What is the feature common to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians and Jack Russels?
What is the distinguishing feature of B cell immunodeficiency specifically seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels?
What is the distinguishing feature of B cell immunodeficiency specifically seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels?
What can cause an abnormal immune response due to a lack of regulatory mechanisms?
What can cause an abnormal immune response due to a lack of regulatory mechanisms?
Which condition can stimulate autoantibodies against normal tissue antigens due to bacterial-induced damage?
Which condition can stimulate autoantibodies against normal tissue antigens due to bacterial-induced damage?
What type of antibodies are Rheumatoid factors?
What type of antibodies are Rheumatoid factors?
What is the main association of defective AIRE gene related to autoimmune diseases?
What is the main association of defective AIRE gene related to autoimmune diseases?
Which phenomenon involves creating antibodies against both foreign and self-antigens simultaneously?
Which phenomenon involves creating antibodies against both foreign and self-antigens simultaneously?
What effect does the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin have on its configuration?
What effect does the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin have on its configuration?
Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?
Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?
Which of the following is not an example of primary immunodeficiency?
Which of the following is not an example of primary immunodeficiency?
What do you suspect is occurring when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?
What do you suspect is occurring when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?
What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from immunodeficiency?
What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from immunodeficiency?
When faced with a case of excessive bleeding and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, which condition should be considered?
When faced with a case of excessive bleeding and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, which condition should be considered?
Which genetic disorder is a known cause of immunodeficiency?
Which genetic disorder is a known cause of immunodeficiency?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in lysosomal membrane trafficking?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in lysosomal membrane trafficking?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?
Which primary immunodeficiency is caused by a lack of integrin (Mac-1) CD11b/CD18?
Which primary immunodeficiency is caused by a lack of integrin (Mac-1) CD11b/CD18?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in melanocytes that results in loss of skin color and hair pigment?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in melanocytes that results in loss of skin color and hair pigment?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by an inherited disorder that causes a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by an inherited disorder that causes a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a mutation in the lyst gene that results in defective lysosomal membrane trafficking?
Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a mutation in the lyst gene that results in defective lysosomal membrane trafficking?
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by enlarged granules inside neutrophils in the blood?
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by enlarged granules inside neutrophils in the blood?
Which breed of dog is NOT correctly associated with a specific immunodeficiency disorder?
Which breed of dog is NOT correctly associated with a specific immunodeficiency disorder?
True or False: SCID prevents TCRs and BCRs from undergoing recombination of the variable region.
True or False: SCID prevents TCRs and BCRs from undergoing recombination of the variable region.
Which type of transplant is best known for having the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?
Which type of transplant is best known for having the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?
Which animal species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?
Which animal species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a lack of IgM in the blood?
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a lack of IgM in the blood?
What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine?
What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine?
Which of the following is true about IgG levels in newborn calves before and after receiving colostrum?
Which of the following is true about IgG levels in newborn calves before and after receiving colostrum?
What is the main concern regarding a BVD infection in pregnant cows at 122 days of gestation?
What is the main concern regarding a BVD infection in pregnant cows at 122 days of gestation?
Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?
Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?
Which type of transplant triggers no immune response?
Which type of transplant triggers no immune response?
Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?
Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?
Flashcards
Autoimmune disease progression
Autoimmune disease progression
A characteristic of autoimmune disease where symptoms worsen over time.
Bystander effect
Bystander effect
When the immune system attacks healthy tissues, causing damage, due to a reaction to a pathogen.
Cryptic epitope
Cryptic epitope
A part of the body that has not been exposed to the immune system before, and now triggers an immune response.
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency
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Primary immunodeficiency
Primary immunodeficiency
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity
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Loss of self-tolerance
Loss of self-tolerance
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Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity
Genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity
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Exposure of hidden self-antigens
Exposure of hidden self-antigens
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MHC polymorphism
MHC polymorphism
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Exposure to cryptic antigens
Exposure to cryptic antigens
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Non-tolerant T cells
Non-tolerant T cells
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Autograft
Autograft
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Allograft
Allograft
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Xenograft
Xenograft
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Hyperacute rejection
Hyperacute rejection
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Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression
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Costimulatory blockade
Costimulatory blockade
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Direct pathway
Direct pathway
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Arterial occlusion
Arterial occlusion
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID)
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X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)
X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
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Canine Distemper Virus
Canine Distemper Virus
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Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
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Type D Simian Retrovirus
Type D Simian Retrovirus
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Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Molecular mimicry
Molecular mimicry
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Rheumatoid factor
Rheumatoid factor
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AIRE gene
AIRE gene
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