Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency Week 9

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune disease?

Is acute and progressive (correct)

Can be genetically linked and can also be physiological

Involves humoral and cell mediated responses

Involves a lack of tolerance

In Trypanosoma cruzi infections, antibodies attack myocardial cells. This is an example of:

Bystander effect (correct)

Abnormal display of self-antigens

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Molecular mimicry

What does a cryptic epitope refer to?

Loss of tolerance to a previously known self-antigen

Bacterial epitope that induces molecular mimicry

Induces rheumatoid arthritis

Part of the host previously unexposed to the immune system (correct)

Which response mechanism is NOT typically associated with autoimmune diseases?

Antibody deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from other pathologies?

Gradual onset and progression Signup and view all the answers

When the immune system reacts to a pathogen, causing collateral damage to healthy tissue, it is known as:

Bystander effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of a lack of induction or maintenance of tolerance in autoimmunity?

Immune response to hidden self-antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?

DLA-A3, 7, & 10 and B4 Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon causes the exposure of hidden self-antigens in autoimmunity?

Breakage of the blood-testes barrier Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to autoimmune susceptibility in rare dog breedings as per the text?

Expression of MHC polymorphism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which autoimmunity arises according to the text?

Exposure to cryptic antigens Signup and view all the answers

Why do non-tolerant T cells contribute to the development of autoimmunity?

By being constantly exposed to hidden antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?

It is a primary or secondary failure of the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of primary immunodeficiency?

FeLV Signup and view all the answers

What do you suspect when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause when an individual exhibits pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation from a blood draw?

Severe combined immunodeficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

When faced with a case of pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, what condition should be considered last?

FeLV Signup and view all the answers

What type of graft triggers no immune response?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

In Allograft rejection, which major source triggers antibody formation?

Blood groups Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rejection occurs minutes to hours after grafting due to pre-existing antibodies binding donor cell antigens?

Hyperacute rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of preventing Allograft rejection?

Minimizing alloantigenic differences Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy focuses on blocking T cell costimulation to prevent Allograft rejection?

Costimulatory blockade Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the rejection process in a Xenograft transplant?

DAMPs from donated tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transplant has the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent type of graft that has become routine for kidneys and bone marrow?

Allograft Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway in the rejection process involves the graft antigen presenting cell trying to work with host T cells causing an immune reaction?

Direct pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of damage that leads to arterial occlusion and graft failure in chronic rejection?

Proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians (horses), Jack Russels (dogs), and Angus, Black Pied Danish, and Freisan cattle?

Autosomal recessive mutation Signup and view all the answers

Which species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?

Basset hounds & corgis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in horses older than 3 years?

Loss of CD4 T cell stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which virus invades and attacks T and B lymphocytes in canines?

Canine Distemper Virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical sign associated with Feline Leukemia Virus infection?

Fibrosarcoma development Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism does the Feline Leukemia Virus use to attack T cells?

Depletion of CD4 T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Type D Simian Retrovirus infection in primates?

Bite transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical sign associated with Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome?

Immunodeficiency and dwarfism Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature common to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians and Jack Russels?

Lack of IgM in serum Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of B cell immunodeficiency specifically seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels?

Reduced IgG levels Signup and view all the answers

What can cause an abnormal immune response due to a lack of regulatory mechanisms?

Molecular mimicry Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can stimulate autoantibodies against normal tissue antigens due to bacterial-induced damage?

Hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies are Rheumatoid factors?

Antibodies against other immunoglobulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main association of defective AIRE gene related to autoimmune diseases?

Rheumatoid arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon involves creating antibodies against both foreign and self-antigens simultaneously?

Molecular mimicry Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin have on its configuration?

Alters the configuration, displaying new epitopes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?

It is a primary or secondary failure of the immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an example of primary immunodeficiency?

FeLV Signup and view all the answers

What do you suspect is occurring when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from immunodeficiency?

Immunodeficiency involves a failure of the immune response Signup and view all the answers

When faced with a case of excessive bleeding and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, which condition should be considered?

Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic disorder is a known cause of immunodeficiency?

DiGeorge syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in lysosomal membrane trafficking?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?

Pelger-Huet Anomaly Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is caused by a lack of integrin (Mac-1) CD11b/CD18?

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD) Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in melanocytes that results in loss of skin color and hair pigment?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by an inherited disorder that causes a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?

Pelger-Huet Anomaly Signup and view all the answers

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a mutation in the lyst gene that results in defective lysosomal membrane trafficking?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by enlarged granules inside neutrophils in the blood?

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) Signup and view all the answers

Which breed of dog is NOT correctly associated with a specific immunodeficiency disorder?

Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with IgG deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

True or False: SCID prevents TCRs and BCRs from undergoing recombination of the variable region.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transplant is best known for having the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?

Xenograft transplant Signup and view all the answers

Which animal species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?

Dogs Signup and view all the answers

Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a lack of IgM in the blood?

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine?

It inhibits T cell signalling pathways Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about IgG levels in newborn calves before and after receiving colostrum?

Before colostrum, 10% of expected IgG is present from placental transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding a BVD infection in pregnant cows at 122 days of gestation?

Malformations Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?

HLA-DR3 and HLA-B8 Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transplant triggers no immune response?

Autograft Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?

Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Autoimmunity & Immunodeficiency Week 9

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune disease?

In Trypanosoma cruzi infections, antibodies attack myocardial cells. This is an example of:

What does a cryptic epitope refer to?

Which response mechanism is NOT typically associated with autoimmune diseases?

What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from other pathologies?

When the immune system reacts to a pathogen, causing collateral damage to healthy tissue, it is known as:

What is the main consequence of a lack of induction or maintenance of tolerance in autoimmunity?

Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?

What phenomenon causes the exposure of hidden self-antigens in autoimmunity?

Which factor contributes to autoimmune susceptibility in rare dog breedings as per the text?

What is the primary mechanism through which autoimmunity arises according to the text?

Why do non-tolerant T cells contribute to the development of autoimmunity?

Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?

Which of the following is NOT an example of primary immunodeficiency?

What do you suspect when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?

What is the likely cause when an individual exhibits pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation from a blood draw?

Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?

When faced with a case of pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, what condition should be considered last?

What type of graft triggers no immune response?

In Allograft rejection, which major source triggers antibody formation?

Which type of rejection occurs minutes to hours after grafting due to pre-existing antibodies binding donor cell antigens?

What is the goal of preventing Allograft rejection?

Which strategy focuses on blocking T cell costimulation to prevent Allograft rejection?

What initiates the rejection process in a Xenograft transplant?

Which type of transplant has the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?

What is the most frequent type of graft that has become routine for kidneys and bone marrow?

Which pathway in the rejection process involves the graft antigen presenting cell trying to work with host T cells causing an immune reaction?

What is the main source of damage that leads to arterial occlusion and graft failure in chronic rejection?

What is the cause of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians (horses), Jack Russels (dogs), and Angus, Black Pied Danish, and Freisan cattle?

Which species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?

What is the primary cause of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) in horses older than 3 years?

Which virus invades and attacks T and B lymphocytes in canines?

What is the clinical sign associated with Feline Leukemia Virus infection?

What mechanism does the Feline Leukemia Virus use to attack T cells?

What is the cause of Type D Simian Retrovirus infection in primates?

What is the main clinical sign associated with Primary Immunity Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome?

What is the feature common to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (SCID) in Arabians and Jack Russels?

What is the distinguishing feature of B cell immunodeficiency specifically seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels?

What can cause an abnormal immune response due to a lack of regulatory mechanisms?

Which condition can stimulate autoantibodies against normal tissue antigens due to bacterial-induced damage?

What type of antibodies are Rheumatoid factors?

What is the main association of defective AIRE gene related to autoimmune diseases?

Which phenomenon involves creating antibodies against both foreign and self-antigens simultaneously?

What effect does the binding of an antigen to an immunoglobulin have on its configuration?

Which of the following best defines immunodeficiency?

Which of the following is not an example of primary immunodeficiency?

What do you suspect is occurring when a 3-month-old foal presents with pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after a blood draw?

What distinguishes autoimmune diseases from immunodeficiency?

When faced with a case of excessive bleeding and hematoma formation post-blood draw in a young animal, which condition should be considered?

Which genetic disorder is a known cause of immunodeficiency?

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in lysosomal membrane trafficking?

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?

Which primary immunodeficiency is caused by a lack of integrin (Mac-1) CD11b/CD18?

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a defect in melanocytes that results in loss of skin color and hair pigment?

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by an inherited disorder that causes a failure of segmentation of granulocyte nuclei?

Which primary immunodeficiency is characterized by a mutation in the lyst gene that results in defective lysosomal membrane trafficking?

Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by enlarged granules inside neutrophils in the blood?

Which breed of dog is NOT correctly associated with a specific immunodeficiency disorder?

True or False: SCID prevents TCRs and BCRs from undergoing recombination of the variable region.

Which type of transplant is best known for having the potential for arterial occlusion due to smooth muscle cell proliferation leading to graft failure?

Which animal species is affected by X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (XSCID)?

Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a lack of IgM in the blood?

What is the primary mechanism of action of cyclosporine?

Which of the following is true about IgG levels in newborn calves before and after receiving colostrum?

What is the main concern regarding a BVD infection in pregnant cows at 122 days of gestation?

Which genetic elements are predominantly associated with autoimmunity in humans?

Which type of transplant triggers no immune response?

Which condition presents with symptoms like pale skin, cataracts, excessive bleeding, and hematoma formation after blood work in a foal?

More Like This

Autoimmunity and Self-Tolerance Quiz

Immunopathology BMS CLASS

Immunodeficiency & Autoimmunity