90 Questions
What type of immune response is involved in Serum Sickness?
Type III
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Arthus Reaction?
Involves T-cell mediated response
Inflammatory response in Type IV hypersensitivity reactions is primarily driven by which of the following cell types?
T cells
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is also known as delayed-type hypersensitivity?
Type IV
What is the primary immunoglobulin involved in Hypersensitivity Type I reactions?
IgE
Which of the following reactions is characterized by vasculitis near the injection site?
Arthus Reaction
What type of reaction is mediated by T-cells sensitized by antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Which of the following reactions can lead to tissue damage through the release of cytokines and chemokines?
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions plays a role in transplant rejection?
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Why is the Arthus Reaction considered a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
Deposition of immune complexes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the acute phase reaction caused by hypersensitivity Type I?
Tissue infiltration and destruction
In hypersensitivity Type II reactions, what type of immune response is involved?
IgG or IgM mediated cytotoxic response
Which of the following allergic reactions leads to life-threatening respiratory failure most commonly?
Anaphylaxis
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves a complex series of reactions that cause serum sickness?
Hypersensitivity Type III
What type of inflammatory response is characterized by intense tissue infiltration and destruction in hypersensitivity Type I reactions?
Arthus reaction
Which type of reaction is typically seen after vaccination, presenting at the site of injection as swelling after 24 hours?
Arthus Reaction
What type of immune response is triggered by drugs containing proteins of other species, leading to Serum Sickness?
Type III Immune Complex-Mediated Hypersensitivity
How does the accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes in multiple tissue locations lead to tissue damage?
Activation of complement leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and release of damaging molecules
What are the non-specific symptoms that may be observed approximately 10 days after exposure to immune complexes in Serum Sickness?
Fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, adenopathy
Which hypersensitivity reaction involves recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils causing inflammatory damage to tissues after complement activation?
Hypersensitivity Type III
Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a breakdown in tolerance leading to activation of autoimmunity?
Selective IgA deficiency
What demographic group has the highest incidence of Selective IgA deficiency?
African Americans
Which autoimmune disorder presents with severe dryness due to inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands?
Sjogren's syndrome
What is the hallmark manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus involving the skin?
Malar rash
Which laboratory finding is typically positive in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
What is the mechanism of action of antibody-dependent cellular toxicity in type II hypersensitivity reactions?
Antibodies bind to the target cell's surface and to macrophages
Which common cause of type II hypersensitivity reactions involves antibodies binding to self-antigens and activating the complement pathway?
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
How do antibodies in type II hypersensitivity reactions cause cellular dysfunction without inflammation or destruction?
Autoantibodies bind to the receptors on target cells causing dysfunction without inflammation or destruction
In type II hypersensitivity reactions, what do antibodies (IgG) binding to the target cell's surface and activating the complement pathway create?
Channel to induce lysis
Which mechanism in type II hypersensitivity reactions acts as an opsonin, targeting cells for phagocytosis?
Antibodies binding to target cells and macrophages
Which autoimmune disease primarily affects the thyroid gland but can also involve the eyes and skin?
Grave's Disease
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI)
Which autoimmune disease involves inhibition of intrinsic factor that leads to vitamin B12 deficiency?
Pernicious Anemia
What is the mechanism by which Grave's Disease primarily affects the thyroid gland?
Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) binding to TSH receptor
Which autoimmune disease is rare and primarily affects vitamin B12 absorption leading to megaloblastic anemia?
Pernicious Anemia
Which autoimmune disease is characterized by inflammation and cellular proliferation that affects large and medium arteries?
Takayasu Arteritis
'Heat intolerance, sweating, fatigue, weight loss' are symptoms associated with which autoimmune disease?
Grave's Disease
'Jaw claudication, ophthalmic manifestations, headache' are symptoms associated with which autoimmune disease?
Grave's Disease
'Unilateral or bilateral enlargement of the temporal artery, new-onset headache' are features of which autoimmune condition?
Giant Cell Arteritis
'Weight loss, malaise, fever' are considered constitutional symptoms associated with which autoimmune condition?
Takayasu Arteritis
Which of the following autoimmune diseases is characterized by mucocutaneous manifestations such as a malar or butterfly rash?
HIV/AIDS
What primary immunodeficiency disorder has a higher propensity for conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, gluten intolerance, and IBS?
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Which autoimmune disease presents with anorexia, weight loss, and fatigue as constitutional symptoms?
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
In which disorder is there a deficiency of IgA, with a higher incidence in African Americans and a younger presentation?
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which autoimmune disorder involves severe dryness (Sicca) due to inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands?
HIV/AIDS
Which of the following diseases is characterized by a deficiency in IgA?
DiGeorge Syndrome
What is the hallmark feature of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?
Deficiency in platelet function
In HIV/AIDS, what defines Severe/Advanced stage of the disease?
CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/microL
Which test is used for diagnosing HIV infection with results available within 1 hour?
ELISA test
Which autoimmune disease primarily affects the eyes and skin in addition to the thyroid gland?
Grave's Disease
Which genetic condition is characterized by a deletion on 22q11.2, absence or hypoplasia of the thymus, and decreased T-cells for cellular immunity?
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which condition is caused by mutations in the WAS gene, leading to immune deficiency, recurrent infections, and an increased risk of lymphoma?
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Which syndrome is known to be caused by a deletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and results in underdeveloped parathyroid glands and congenital heart disease?
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which medical condition is managed by Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) to prevent DNA changes and production of viral proteins?
HIV/AIDS
Which condition is characterized by a genetic defect on chromosome 22q11.2, underdeveloped parathyroid glands, and a decreased immune response leading to increased susceptibility to infections?
DiGeorge Syndrome
What is the estimated prevalence of Secondary Sjogren's Syndrome in the population?
0.5-1.0%
Which autoimmune condition is commonly associated with Sjogren's Syndrome?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is a common manifestation of Sjogren's Syndrome that might lead to the need for lubricant drops and punctal plugs?
Dry eye
Which autoimmune condition can present with constitutional symptoms like weight loss, malaise, and fever, similar to those in Takayasu Arteritis?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What type of laboratory test is typically used to confirm a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
ANA, RF, SS-A, SSTear
Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the hallmark feature of 'butterfly rash' on the face?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Which condition presents with inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to dryness of the eyes and mouth?
Sjogren's Syndrome
Which genetic condition results in underdeveloped parathyroid glands, congenital heart disease, and decreased T-cells for cellular immunity?
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which autoimmune disease involves inhibition of intrinsic factor causing vitamin B12 deficiency and megaloblastic anemia?
Sjogren's Syndrome
Which condition is characterized by a deficiency in IgA, typically presenting with a higher incidence in African Americans and a younger age of onset?
Sjogren's Syndrome
What is the primary mechanism leading to the development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Breakdown in tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals
Which demographic group has the highest incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
African Americans
What is the most common autoimmune disorder associated with a higher propensity in individuals affected by asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, gluten intolerance, and IBS?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is the characteristic symptom that defines Sjogren's Syndrome?
Severe dryness due to inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands
Which autoimmune disorder involves extra-glandular involvement of the joints, skin, lungs, GI, nervous system, and/or kidneys in approximately one-third of patients?
Sjogren's Syndrome
In Hypersensitivity Type III reactions, the accumulation of antigen-antibody complexes can lead to tissue damage through the release of cytokines and chemokines.
True
In Hypersensitivity Type II reactions, immune complexes are small/intermediate in size and are easily removed from circulation by mononuclear cells.
False
IgG or IgM mediated cytotoxic reactions primarily involve the activation of complement proteins C3a and C5a.
True
Serum Sickness Type is primarily caused by a localized inflammatory response typically seen after vaccination.
False
Arthus Reaction is an example of Hypersensitivity Type I reaction involving heat intolerance, sweating, fatigue, and weight loss.
False
Which immunoglobulin is present in the smallest quantity in the blood?
IgD
Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in immunity through enhancing phagocytosis and neutralizing toxins?
IgG
Which immunoglobulin is located on mast cells and basophils and plays a role in allergic reactions?
IgE
Which immunoglobulin is present in all body fluids and provides memory immunity?
IgG
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the induction of other immune system cells to destroy foreign substances?
IgM
Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for providing localized protection of mucous membranes against bacteria and viruses?
IgA
Which part of the antibody functions as a lock and key, specifically binding to the epitope on the antigen?
Variable regions
Which characteristic distinguishes IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD from each other?
Constant region sequence
Which antibody type has a primary function of providing ab to newborns through breast milk?
IgA
Which type of chain makes up the majority of the structure of an antibody?
Heavy chains
In Hypersensitivity Type I reactions, what is the primary immunoglobulin involved in the mechanism of anaphylaxis?
IgE
Which type of immunity is associated with the transfer of IgG across the placenta to provide protection to the fetus?
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity
Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in defending against parasites and providing protection in allergic reactions?
IgA
Which type of immunity is induced through vaccination but does not involve pathogenic antigens?
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity
Which immunoglobulin mediates the release of histamine and inflammatory mediators in Hypersensitivity Type I reactions?
IgE
Explore the epidemiology, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and associations of primary immunodeficiency disorders. Learn about the deficiency of IgA, its higher prevalence in women of childbearing age and African Americans, and its relationship with conditions like asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, gluten intolerance, and IBS.
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