40 Questions
Which type of immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens?
Innate immunity
What is the main function of adaptive immunity?
Recognize and eliminate foreign microbes
Which component plays a role in disease and is part of the immune system?
Complement system
What determines the efficacy of the immune system?
Ability to distinguish between foreign and self-components
What is the absence of immunity called?
Susceptibility
Which type of immunity provides a rapid response to antigens but is not specific?
Innate (Natural) Immunity
What is the distinguishing mechanism between the 5 different types of antibodies (Ab)?
Constant regions
Which cells are part of the Innate Immune System and are known for their phagocytic activity?
Monocytes
What percentage of antibodies present in the body does Immunoglobulin A (IgA) account for?
10-15%
Which cells of the Adaptive Immune System produce antibodies?
B-Lymphocytes
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is T-cell mediated?
Type IV
What type of immunity is acquired following exposure to a microbe?
Naturally acquired active immunity
Which type of immunity involves the transfer of IgG across the placenta and IgA from breast-feeding?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
In which hypersensitivity reaction does IgE bind to Mast Cells, leading to histamine release?
Type I
What type of immunity is induced during vaccination and involves immunogenic but not pathogenic antigens?
Artificially acquired active immunity
Which antibody is the smallest and most common?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Which antibody induces other immune system cells to destroy foreign substances?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Which antibody is located on mast cells and basophils and is involved in allergic reactions?
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
Which antibody provides passive immunity to the fetus by crossing the placenta?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Which antibody is present in blood and lymph and is the first antibody to respond in infections?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a delayed cellular response mediated by T-cells?
Type IV
In transplant rejection, acute rejection occurs due to preformed anti-donor antibodies present in the recipient's circulation. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does this represent?
Type II
What is the main effect of T-cells becoming sensitized and activated in response to antigen-presenting cells (APC) phagocytosing the antigen?
Release of cytokines and chemokines causing tissue damage
What is the main role of complexes formed by injected Ag and antibodies (Ag-Ab) in the context of immunological reactions?
Activate the complement cascade
Which condition is characterized by widespread acute arteritis, arteriolitis, thrombosis of vessels, and necrosis in the context of transplant rejection?
Acute transplant rejection
Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is 10 times more common in women and most commonly presents in African Americans?
Selective IgA deficiency
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus according to presentation?
Plaquenil
Which autoimmune disorder presents with severe dryness (Sicca) due to inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands?
Sjogren’s Syndrome
Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a breakdown in tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the activation of autoimmunity?
Selective IgA deficiency
What is the most common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus that presents as a malar or butterfly rash?
Mucocutaneous manifestations
Which test is used to screen for autoimmune related diseases?
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-B27)
What CD4 cell count defines Severe/Advanced HIV/AIDS?
Less than 200 cells/microL
What is the primary infection period for HIV/AIDS?
2-4 weeks
Which disease is associated with deficiency of IgA?
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Which test is used to identify HIV infection within 1 hour?
Rapid Tests
Which antibody test is used for screening autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus?
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test
What is the primary symptom of the chronic infection phase of HIV/AIDS?
Fatigue
Which disease is associated with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?
DiGeorge Syndrome
Which virus causes a late-stage HIV infection?
HIV
What type of antibodies are tested in the Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) Test?
Antibodies against cytoplasmic antigens
Test your knowledge of primary immunodeficiency disorders, their most common symptoms, and the associated propensity for autoimmune conditions. Explore the pathophysiology, mechanisms, and demographic trends related to IgA deficiency and its implications.
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