Immunopathology BMS CLASS
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens?

  • Adaptive immunity
  • Mucous membrane immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Complement immunity
  • What is the main function of adaptive immunity?

  • Recognize and eliminate foreign microbes (correct)
  • Act as the first line of defense against pathogens
  • Provide susceptibility to disease
  • Maintain homeostasis in the body
  • Which component plays a role in disease and is part of the immune system?

  • Skin
  • Complement system (correct)
  • Mucous membranes
  • Innate immunity
  • What determines the efficacy of the immune system?

    <p>Ability to distinguish between foreign and self-components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absence of immunity called?

    <p>Susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity provides a rapid response to antigens but is not specific?

    <p>Innate (Natural) Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing mechanism between the 5 different types of antibodies (Ab)?

    <p>Constant regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are part of the Innate Immune System and are known for their phagocytic activity?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of antibodies present in the body does Immunoglobulin A (IgA) account for?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells of the Adaptive Immune System produce antibodies?

    <p>B-Lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is T-cell mediated?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is acquired following exposure to a microbe?

    <p>Naturally acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the transfer of IgG across the placenta and IgA from breast-feeding?

    <p>Naturally acquired passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which hypersensitivity reaction does IgE bind to Mast Cells, leading to histamine release?

    <p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is induced during vaccination and involves immunogenic but not pathogenic antigens?

    <p>Artificially acquired active immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is the smallest and most common?

    <p>Immunoglobulin G (IgG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody induces other immune system cells to destroy foreign substances?

    <p>Immunoglobulin M (IgM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is located on mast cells and basophils and is involved in allergic reactions?

    <p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody provides passive immunity to the fetus by crossing the placenta?

    <p>Immunoglobulin G (IgG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is present in blood and lymph and is the first antibody to respond in infections?

    <p>Immunoglobulin M (IgM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a delayed cellular response mediated by T-cells?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In transplant rejection, acute rejection occurs due to preformed anti-donor antibodies present in the recipient's circulation. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction does this represent?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of T-cells becoming sensitized and activated in response to antigen-presenting cells (APC) phagocytosing the antigen?

    <p>Release of cytokines and chemokines causing tissue damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of complexes formed by injected Ag and antibodies (Ag-Ab) in the context of immunological reactions?

    <p>Activate the complement cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by widespread acute arteritis, arteriolitis, thrombosis of vessels, and necrosis in the context of transplant rejection?

    <p>Acute transplant rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary immunodeficiency disorder is 10 times more common in women and most commonly presents in African Americans?

    <p>Selective IgA deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate initial treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus according to presentation?

    <p>Plaquenil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disorder presents with severe dryness (Sicca) due to inflammation and damage to lacrimal and salivary glands?

    <p>Sjogren’s Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunodeficiency disorder is characterized by a breakdown in tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to the activation of autoimmunity?

    <p>Selective IgA deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus that presents as a malar or butterfly rash?

    <p>Mucocutaneous manifestations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to screen for autoimmune related diseases?

    <p>Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA-B27)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What CD4 cell count defines Severe/Advanced HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Less than 200 cells/microL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary infection period for HIV/AIDS?

    <p>2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with deficiency of IgA?

    <p>Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to identify HIV infection within 1 hour?

    <p>Rapid Tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody test is used for screening autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus?

    <p>Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of the chronic infection phase of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?

    <p>DiGeorge Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes a late-stage HIV infection?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibodies are tested in the Anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) Test?

    <p>Antibodies against cytoplasmic antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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