30 Questions
Which form of pemphigus is characterized by lesions formed just above the basal cell layer?
Pemphigus vulgaris
Which breed seems to be over-represented in cases of pemphigus foliaceus?
B and C
What are the primary lesions associated with pemphigus foliaceus?
Pustules
Which autoimmune skin disease is considered the most common in dogs and cats?
Pemphigus foliaceus
What is the condition characterized by a specific humoral or cell-mediated immune response against the component of adhesion molecules on keratinocytes?
Autoimmunity
What are the superficial forms of pemphigus?
Pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematous
What is the hallmark of pemphigus?
Acantholysis
In which locations are the lesions typically found in pemphigus foliaceus?
Nasal planum, ear pinnae, footpads
What are the systemic signs associated with pemphigus foliaceus?
Lymphadenomegaly, limb edema, fever, anorexia, and depression
What are the targeted adhesion molecules in pemphigus complex?
Desmoglein or desmocollin
What is a common presentation of pemphigus foliaceus in cats and dogs?
Starting on the bridge of the nose, around the eyes, and pinnae before becoming generalized
Which diagnostic methods are involved in the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus?
Cytology of pustules, dermatohistopathology, and direct/indirect immunofluorescence
Which form of pemphigus is uncommon in dogs and rare in cats?
Pemphigus erythematosus
What are the common affected breeds with increased incidence of pemphigus erythematosus?
German shepherds, collies, and Shetland sheepdogs
What regions are affected by pemphigus vulgaris?
Mucocutaneous regions, nail beds, inguinal, and axillary areas
What are the common clinical signs of animals affected by pemphigus?
Anorexia, fever, and depression
What conditions are part of the differential diagnosis for pemphigus foliaceus?
Bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other conditions
What do cytology and histopathology show in pemphigus vulgaris?
Acanthocytes and neutrophils; suprabasilar acantholysis and cleft forming a vesicle or bulla
What is the rare form of pemphigus that is severe and affects mucocutaneous regions?
Pemphigus vulgaris
What is a rare presentation of pemphigus foliaceus in cats?
Oral lesions and mucocutaneous involvement
Which autoimmune skin disease involves hair follicles and requires aggressive treatment?
Pemphigus Complex
What is hypothesized to trigger Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) in dogs?
Ultraviolet light and specific autoantibodies
What are the clinical signs of DLE in dogs?
Nasal depigmentation, ulcers, and crusts exacerbated by sunlight
What is a potential complication of treatment for autoimmune skin diseases in dogs and cats?
Drug adverse effects
What is included in the treatment for Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) in dogs?
Systemic vitamin E, tetracycline and niacinamide, topical steroids, and tacrolimus
What may not be diagnostic for Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) in dogs?
Direct immunofluorescence
What is the second most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs?
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE)
What is a differential diagnosis for DLE in dogs?
Nasal pyoderma, pemphigus foliaceus, and uveodermatologic syndrome
What may show characteristic changes in the diagnosis of DLE in dogs?
Histopathology
What may be required for severe cases of DLE in dogs?
Systemic steroids, oral cyclosporine, and lifelong treatment with sun precautions
Study Notes
Autoimmune Skin Diseases in Dogs and Cats
- Pemphigus Complex involves hair follicles and requires aggressive treatment
- Treatment includes oral glucocorticoids, cytotoxic drugs, glucocorticoid pulse therapy, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide
- Patient response to therapy is unpredictable, and there are potentially severe side effects
- Complications of treatment include drug adverse effects, secondary infections, and demodicosis
- Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) is the second most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs
- DLE is hypothesized to be triggered by ultraviolet light and specific autoantibodies
- Clinical signs of DLE include nasal depigmentation, ulcers, and crusts exacerbated by sunlight
- Differential diagnoses for DLE include nasal pyoderma, pemphigus foliaceus, and uveodermatologic syndrome
- Cytology may show no significant findings, while histopathology reveals characteristic changes
- Direct immunofluorescence may not be diagnostic for DLE
- Treatment for DLE includes systemic vitamin E, tetracycline and niacinamide, topical steroids, and tacrolimus
- Severe cases may require systemic steroids, oral cyclosporine, and lifelong treatment with sun precautions
Test your knowledge of autoimmune skin diseases in dogs and cats with this quiz. Explore topics such as Pemphigus Complex, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), treatment options, and differential diagnoses.
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