Autoimmune Diseases Overview Quiz

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, leading to various health problems.

Immune responses directed against self-antigens (Ags) leading to tissue damage.

A group of disorders characterized by the immune system targeting specific organs or tissues.

A group of disorders characterized by the immune system attacking multiple organs and tissues.

Autoimmune diseases are more prevalent in women than in men.

An autoimmune disease characterized by excessive and unregulated thyroid hormone secretion.

Autoimmune diseases resemble type II, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions where the immune system attacks self-antigens, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

The mechanisms responsible for breaking self-tolerance and leading to the development of autoimmune diseases are not fully understood.

A negative feedback loop where the thyroid gland releases thyroid hormones, which then signal to the pituitary gland to stop producing TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone).

Antibodies produced by the immune system that mimic the action of TSH, stimulating the thyroid gland to release excess thyroid hormones.

An autoimmune disease triggered by a bacterial infection, typically involving the heart, joints, and kidneys.

A type of autoimmune disease characterized by the body's immune system attacking its own tissues.

A type of autoimmune disease that occurs when immune complexes (antibodies bound to antigens) get deposited in the body and trigger inflammation.

An autoimmune disease with a wide range of symptoms, including a 'butterfly rash' on the face, joint pain, and kidney problems.

Antibodies that target the body's own molecules or cells, causing autoimmune reactions.

Chronic rejection occurs months or years after transplantation and is caused by antibodies targeting the graft's HLA. It involves a gradual decrease in blood supply to the graft, leading to its death.

Immunosuppressive drugs are medications given to transplant recipients to prevent their immune system from attacking the new organ. These drugs work by suppressing T cell activation, preventing the immune system from recognizing the transplanted tissue as foreign.

Immunosuppressive drugs are administered in two phases: before transplantation to suppress the immune system and after transplantation to prevent rejection by inhibiting the activation of new immune cells.

Transplant patients are given immunosuppressive drugs to suppress their immune system even if the donor and recipient are compatible. This is done because even minor differences in HLA can trigger rejection.

Chronic rejection is characterized by inflammation and damage to the graft's blood vessels, resulting in decreased blood supply. Eventually, the graft can be damaged and die due to insufficient blood flow.

Individuals with blood type O have no antigens on their red blood cells, making them compatible with any recipient. They are known as universal donors.

Individuals with blood type AB have no antibodies in their plasma, allowing them to receive blood from all donors. They are considered universal recipients.

The RhD antigen is another factor considered during blood transfusions.

Transfusing RhD+ blood to an RhD- recipient can trigger the production of anti-RhD antibodies, making future RhD+ blood transfusions dangerous.

Individuals with blood type A and B have anti-B and anti-A antibodies in their plasma, respectively. These antibodies react with the corresponding antigens, resulting in agglutination (blood clumping).

Individuals with blood type AB have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells, but have no antibodies in their plasma. They can receive blood from any donor.

Blood typing tests are used to determine an individual's ABO and RhD group. The test involves adding antibodies (Anti-A, Anti-B, and Anti-RhD) to a blood sample and observing agglutination reactions.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used to treat diseases affecting the blood-forming system. It involves replacing the patient's diseased hematopoietic system with healthy donor cells.

An organ transplant between individuals with different genetic makeup. The recipient's immune system may attack the transplanted organ due to differences in HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) molecules, leading to rejection.

Antigens that are different between a donor and recipient. The body's immune system recognizes these differences and may mount an attack against the transplanted organ or tissue.

The process of matching donor and recipient tissues based on HLA type. This helps minimize the chances of rejection by the recipient's immune system.

A type of transplant rejection that occurs rapidly, often within minutes to hours, after transplantation. It's usually triggered by pre-existing alloantibodies against ABO/RhD blood groups.

A type of transplant rejection that occurs within days to weeks after transplantation. It's caused by the recipient's T cells recognizing and attacking the donor's alloantigens in the graft.

A type of transplant rejection that occurs gradually over months or years. It involves a chronic inflammatory response that slowly damages the transplanted organ.

A complication that can occur after bone marrow transplantation. It happens when the donor T cells attack the recipient's tissues, causing inflammation and damage.

A type of autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus. This is caused by autoreactive cytotoxic T cells attacking beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. The gradual loss of insulin-secreting cells causes insulitis, inflammation of the islets of Langerhans, leading to insufficient insulin production and the need for insulin therapy.

Autoreactive effector T cells participate in a cellular immune response against self-antigens. This process involves the recognition and destruction of specific cells, much like the immune system's attack on pathogens.

Involves the process of replacing damaged or diseased organs or tissues with healthy donor tissue. This requires careful management to ensure the transplanted organ functions properly, the recipient's health is maintained, and the immune system doesn't reject the transplant.

A common type of transplantation used to replenish blood components in cases of trauma, childbirth, blood loss, and surgery. This includes transfusions of whole blood, red blood cells, plasma, and platelets.

These are glycolipids found on the surface of red blood cells, determining blood groups. The presence of A, B, or both results in blood groups A, B, and AB, respectively. The absence of both A and B results in blood group O.

These are glycolipids composed of a carbohydrate chain and a lipid molecule. They are present on the surface of erythrocytes and act as targets for antibodies. Depending on the ABO blood group, different configurations of these antigens are present on the cell surface.

This is a condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues, leading to various health problems. Autoimmune diseases are often chronic and can affect various organs and systems.

These are reactions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. These reactions often resemble type II, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions, with the key difference being that the immune system attacks self-antigens instead of foreign antigens.