Types of Immune Response - Hypersensitivities

An immune response involving antibodies (IgG and IgM) binding to soluble antigens forming immune complexes. These complexes deposit in blood vessels, triggering complement activation and inflammation, leading to tissue damage.

A systemic, self-limited disease occurring after injection of foreign serum, characterized by fever, joint pain, vasculitis, and kidney inflammation.

A localized immune reaction in the skin caused by an antigen injection in a sensitized individual. It involves inflammation and tissue death.

A delayed immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, macrophages, and cytokines. It occurs 24 hours or more after contact with an antigen.

A type of Type IV hypersensitivity reaction where T lymphocytes directly destroy cells infected with a virus or tumor cells.

A localized collection of immune cells, primarily macrophages, forming a lump of tissue. It is a common feature of Type IV hypersensitivity.

A complex process in which the immune system recognizes and attacks a transplanted organ, often resulting in organ rejection.

The destruction of cells by the immune system, usually involving T lymphocytes and macrophages.

A response involving the activation of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the release of cytokines, contributing to immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage.

Specialized cells that present antigens to T lymphocytes, initiating an immune response.

A type of immune response where CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill antigen-presenting cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells.

A diagnostic skin test for tuberculosis infection, where a purified mycobacterial antigen is injected into the skin. A positive reaction (redness and swelling) indicates prior exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when the immune system reacts to fungal infections. This is triggered by activated Th17 cells releasing cytokines like IL-17 and IL-22, which recruit neutrophils and monocytes.

A delayed hypersensitivity reaction triggered by contact with specific allergens like poison ivy. This reaction involves the immune system targeting and attacking these allergens, causing a delayed skin rash or irritation.

An autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks pancreatic beta cells, leading to reduced insulin production and eventually type 1 diabetes.

A complication that can occur after organ transplantation, where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues. This often results in tissue damage and organ rejection.

A type of immune response that involves the destruction of virus-infected cells or cancer cells by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. This helps eliminate the infected or cancerous cells and prevents disease progression.

A long-term process where the transplanted organ is gradually rejected by the recipient's immune system, leading to loss of organ function and eventual failure. It involves a complex interplay of factors, including the immune system, the transplanted tissue, and how the recipient's body reacts to foreign cells.