Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of antibody is produced first in response to an infection?
Which type of antibody is produced first in response to an infection?
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
What is the structure of IgM antibodies?
What type of defence is IgG efficient against?
What type of defence is IgG efficient against?
What is required for the production of IgG?
What is required for the production of IgG?
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What is the primary function of IgE antibodies?
What is the primary function of IgE antibodies?
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What is the function of the variable region in antibodies?
What is the function of the variable region in antibodies?
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What is the function of the constant region in antibodies?
What is the function of the constant region in antibodies?
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What type of cells are activated by IgE antibodies?
What type of cells are activated by IgE antibodies?
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What often precedes an autoimmune disease?
What often precedes an autoimmune disease?
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Why are autoimmune diseases more common in women?
Why are autoimmune diseases more common in women?
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What can local trauma lead to?
What can local trauma lead to?
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What is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
What is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
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What is involved in autoimmune diseases?
What is involved in autoimmune diseases?
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What can be a consequence of inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis?
What can be a consequence of inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis?
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What is the role of the immune system in cancer?
What is the role of the immune system in cancer?
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What is a potential way to treat cancer?
What is a potential way to treat cancer?
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What is the primary focus of adaptive immunity in human disease?
What is the primary focus of adaptive immunity in human disease?
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What is the outcome of a breakdown in immunological tolerance?
What is the outcome of a breakdown in immunological tolerance?
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What is a characteristic of the innate immune system?
What is a characteristic of the innate immune system?
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What is the relationship between human disease and the environment?
What is the relationship between human disease and the environment?
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What is the purpose of the adaptive immune system's ability to 'tolerate self'?
What is the purpose of the adaptive immune system's ability to 'tolerate self'?
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What is the outcome of targeting the immune system in the fight against human disease?
What is the outcome of targeting the immune system in the fight against human disease?
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What is the main difference between central and peripheral tolerance?
What is the main difference between central and peripheral tolerance?
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What is the scope of autoimmune diseases?
What is the scope of autoimmune diseases?
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What is a crucial step in preventing, treating, and curing diseases?
What is a crucial step in preventing, treating, and curing diseases?
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What is essential to understand in order to manipulate the immune system?
What is essential to understand in order to manipulate the immune system?
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What is the immune system constantly on the lookout for?
What is the immune system constantly on the lookout for?
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What is a key factor in many autoimmune diseases?
What is a key factor in many autoimmune diseases?
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What is the purpose of regulatory cells in the immune system?
What is the purpose of regulatory cells in the immune system?
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What is a potential way to treat cancer?
What is a potential way to treat cancer?
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What is a characteristic of the genes responsible for autoimmune diseases?
What is a characteristic of the genes responsible for autoimmune diseases?
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What is the relationship between autoimmune diseases and genetics?
What is the relationship between autoimmune diseases and genetics?
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What do helper T cells do?
What do helper T cells do?
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What is a key function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)?
What is a key function of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)?
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What is the role of some helper T cells?
What is the role of some helper T cells?
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What is the result of a breakdown in immunological tolerance?
What is the result of a breakdown in immunological tolerance?
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In which type of tissue does central tolerance occur?
In which type of tissue does central tolerance occur?
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What is the role of regulatory cells in immunological tolerance?
What is the role of regulatory cells in immunological tolerance?
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What is the key function of CTLs in anti-tumour immunity?
What is the key function of CTLs in anti-tumour immunity?
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What is the function of helper T cells in relation to CTLs?
What is the function of helper T cells in relation to CTLs?
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Study Notes
Autoimmune Disease
- Autoimmune disease is often preceded by an infection
- Many autoimmune diseases are more common in women
- Local trauma leading to inflammatory reaction may release previously hidden antigens, triggering an immune response (e.g., sunlight triggering systemic lupus erythematosus)
Characteristics of Autoimmune Disease
- Can be organ-specific or systemic
- Involves all aspects of the adaptive immune response
- Examples: systemic lupus erythematosus, Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis
- T cells play a key role in the inflammatory process
- T cells adhere to and extravasate into the brain, causing inflammation and destruction of myelin
Immunological Tolerance
- A system for determining which lymphocyte clones will be allowed to survive
- Central tolerance occurs in primary lymphoid tissues
- Peripheral tolerance is mediated primarily by regulatory cells
- Breakdown in tolerance can lead to autoimmune diseases
Genetic Factors in Autoimmune Diseases
- Many autoimmune diseases are linked to genes responsible for T cell activation, maintaining immunological tolerance, and finding and destroying self-reactive lymphocytes
- These genes are often inherited
Cancer and the Immune System
- Our immune system is constantly on the lookout for cancer cells
- Can our immune system destroy cancer cells?
- Can we harness the immune system to treat cancer?
Immunology in Human Disease
- Understanding the immune system is key to preventing, treating, and curing diseases
- To understand the immune system, we need to know the key cells, key molecules, and how they interact
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Description
Learn about the environmental factors that contribute to autoimmune diseases, including infections, local trauma, and hormonal influences. Understand how these factors trigger an immune response and lead to autoimmune disorders.
