Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of transplant rejection?
Which of the following conditions is least likely to be considered an autoimmune disease?
What type of disease is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?
Which of the following is NOT typically a focus of systemic lupus erythematosus?
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Which factor is crucial for minimizing transplant rejection risk?
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Which of the following is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drugs used in transplantation?
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Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) primarily involves which type of immune cells?
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Which autoimmune disease primarily affects the joints but can also impact other organs?
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What best describes primary immunodeficiency (PID)?
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Which condition is most likely to cause secondary immunodeficiency (SID)?
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Which of the following statements about autologous graft versus host disease (GvHD) is true?
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What distinguishing feature separates primary immunodeficiency from secondary immunodeficiency?
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Which element of the immune system is NOT typically dysfunctional in primary immunodeficiency?
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What is the primary function of T cell receptors (TCRs) in the adaptive immune system?
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Which process describes the permanent inactivation of self-reactive immune cells?
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Hypersensitivity reactions are classified into how many types?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune diseases?
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What is the main concern of transplantation immunology?
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Which of the following best describes clonal anergy?
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During which type of hypersensitivity reaction does the immune system produce IgE antibodies?
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What is a common outcome of immunodeficiency disorders?
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Study Notes
Autoimmune Diseases
- Rheumatic Fever affects the heart, joints, brain, and skin.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis primarily impacts joints and may involve lungs, skin, and eyes.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can affect skin, joints, kidneys, heart, brain, red blood cells, and other organs.
Transplantation
- Transplantation involves transferring cells, tissues, or organs to repair damaged or diseased areas.
- Rejection occurs when the immune system recognizes the transplant as foreign, leading to the destruction of the graft.
- Matching donor and recipient via blood group and tissue typing is crucial to minimize rejection risk.
- Immunosuppressive drugs are used to dampen immune responses and prevent or treat transplant rejection, but they increase susceptibility to diseases and have side effects.
Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
- GVHD arises when T cells in donor cells attack the host's body cells.
- The condition has two forms: Acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) and Chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD).
Immunodeficiency
- Immunodeficiency is characterized by a partial or total failure of the immune system.
- Two types exist:
- Primary Immunodeficiency (PID) is genetic, resulting in ineffective immune components.
- Secondary Immunodeficiency (SID) is acquired, often due to diseases like HIV or factors such as malnutrition and can usually be treated by addressing the primary condition.
Immune System Recognition
- Immune cells recognize antigens through specific receptors known as antigen-specific receptors (e.g., T cell receptor and B cell receptor).
- The immune system is tightly regulated to prevent damage to the body, employing mechanisms like apoptosis and clonal anergy to eliminate or inactivate self-reactive cells.
Immune System Functionality
- Innate immunity provides immediate defense, while adaptive immunity develops stronger, long-term responses.
- Failures in immune responses can result in decreased activity (immunodeficiency) or overreactions, leading to hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
- Conditions like hypersensitivity (Types I to IV) and autoimmune diseases are significant concerns in immune function.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information about various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatic fever and systemic lupus erythematosus. Additionally, it touches on the topic of transplantation, providing insights into its importance in medicine. Test your understanding of these crucial health topics.
