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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT classified as an autocoid?
Which of the following is NOT classified as an autocoid?
- Dopamine (correct)
- Angiotensin
- Serotonin
- Histamine
The H2 receptor, when stimulated by histamine, primarily leads to:
The H2 receptor, when stimulated by histamine, primarily leads to:
- Release of HCl (correct)
- Vasodilation
- Bronchoconstriction
- Decreased CNS alertness
What is a primary effect of H1 receptor stimulation?
What is a primary effect of H1 receptor stimulation?
- Bronchodilation
- Decreased vascular permeability
- Increased CNS alertness (correct)
- Vasoconstriction
Which of these effects is LEAST likely to be associated with first-generation antihistamines?
Which of these effects is LEAST likely to be associated with first-generation antihistamines?
A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for motion sickness. Which of the following medications is most appropriate?
A patient is prescribed an antihistamine for motion sickness. Which of the following medications is most appropriate?
Why are first-generation antihistamines typically avoided in patients with productive cough?
Why are first-generation antihistamines typically avoided in patients with productive cough?
Which property is characteristic of second-generation antihistamines compared to first-generation?
Which property is characteristic of second-generation antihistamines compared to first-generation?
A patient reports experiencing postural hypotension after starting a new medication. Which class of drugs might be responsible?
A patient reports experiencing postural hypotension after starting a new medication. Which class of drugs might be responsible?
Which of the following effects is NOT typically related to anti-histamine action?
Which of the following effects is NOT typically related to anti-histamine action?
Why are certain first-generation antihistamines (such as Doxylamine) sometimes used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy?
Why are certain first-generation antihistamines (such as Doxylamine) sometimes used to treat morning sickness during pregnancy?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with first-generation antihistamines due to their anticholinergic properties?
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with first-generation antihistamines due to their anticholinergic properties?
A child is experiencing an allergic reaction. Considering potential risks and benefits, which antihistamine would generally be preferred?
A child is experiencing an allergic reaction. Considering potential risks and benefits, which antihistamine would generally be preferred?
A patient taking an OTC 'hypnotic' containing a first-generation antihistamine should be cautioned about:
A patient taking an OTC 'hypnotic' containing a first-generation antihistamine should be cautioned about:
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes new generation antihistamines from old generation antihistamines?
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes new generation antihistamines from old generation antihistamines?
How do H1-receptor antagonists work to alleviate allergy symptoms?
How do H1-receptor antagonists work to alleviate allergy symptoms?
A patient who is already taking medication for hypertension is prescribed chlorpheniramine for allergies. What potential risk should the doctor consider?
A patient who is already taking medication for hypertension is prescribed chlorpheniramine for allergies. What potential risk should the doctor consider?
A mother asks why she cannot give her baby a first-generation antihistamine for a productive cough. What is the best response?
A mother asks why she cannot give her baby a first-generation antihistamine for a productive cough. What is the best response?
Which of the following is an example of a 'new generation' antihistamine?
Which of the following is an example of a 'new generation' antihistamine?
A patient is experiencing severe itching due to histamine release. Which receptor is primarily responsible for mediating this effect?
A patient is experiencing severe itching due to histamine release. Which receptor is primarily responsible for mediating this effect?
Which of the following is a likely side effect of anti-histamines impacting M receptors?
Which of the following is a likely side effect of anti-histamines impacting M receptors?
Flashcards
Autocoids
Autocoids
Local hormones including histamine, serotonin and angiotensin.
H2 Receptor
H2 Receptor
Receptor that causes release of HCl, leading to peptic ulcers.
H1 Receptor
H1 Receptor
Receptor that causes vasodilation in blood vessels, bronchoconstriction in bronchi, itching in nerve endings and alertness in the CNS.
Antihistamines
Antihistamines
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Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine
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Dimenhydrinate
Dimenhydrinate
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Doxylamine
Doxylamine
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Sedation (antihistamines)
Sedation (antihistamines)
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Paradoxical Agitation
Paradoxical Agitation
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Postural Hypotension
Postural Hypotension
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Atropine-like Side Effects
Atropine-like Side Effects
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Fexofenadine
Fexofenadine
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Cetirizine
Cetirizine
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Loratadine
Loratadine
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Study Notes
- Autocoids are local hormones
- Examples of autocoids include histamine, serotonin, and angiotensin
Histamine
- Histamine works on H1 and H2 receptors
- H2 receptor stimulation leads to the release of HCl, potentially causing peptic ulcers; can be treated by Zantac
- H1 receptor stimulation causes vasodilation in blood vessels, bronchoconstriction in bronchi, itching at nerve endings, and alertness in the CNS
Antihistamines
- Antihistamines are H1-blockers
Old Generation Antihistamines
- Examples include Chlorpheniramine, Dimenhydrinate, and Doxylamine
- Use: Allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, bronchial asthma
- Action: Anti-allergic
- Adverse effects: May cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) causing sedation, paradoxical agitation, narcosis, postural hypotension, atropine-like side effects (dry mouth, dry secretion), and urine retention.
- Old generation antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, dimenhydrinate, doxylamine) should not be taken with a productive cough
- They can make the secretion more concentrated
- Using them for a productive cough would be risky in babies
New Generation Antihistamines
- Examples include Fexofenadine, Cetirizine, and Loratadine
- Work on H1 receptors only
- Actions: Useful in allergic conditions, causing an increase in anti-allergic effects
- Have less autonomic actions
- Less BBB crossing occurs
- Have a longer duration of action
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