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Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nursing
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Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the roles of Vitamin D in the body?

  • To enhance DNA repair (correct)
  • To develop pretend play skills
  • To increase obsessive interests
  • To improve social communication
  • What is a common symptom of autism in children under 18 months?

  • Having unusual reactions to sounds
  • Not pointing at objects to show interest (correct)
  • Giving unrelated answers to questions
  • Having delayed speech and language skills
  • What is an example of a restricted, repetitive pattern of behavior in autism?

  • Flapping the hands, rocking the body, or spinning in circles (correct)
  • Playing pretend games with others
  • Identifying and expressing emotions
  • Responding to his or her name
  • What is a deficit in social-emotional reciprocity?

    <p>Not understanding other people's feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should a child typically respond to his or her name?

    <p>12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a deficit in non-verbal communication in autism?

    <p>Poor eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autism according to DSM-V?

    <p>Persistent impairment in social communication and social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of autism in children over 18 months?

    <p>Repeating words or phrases over and over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to social interactions?

    <p>Deficits in developing or maintaining friendships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of nurses interviewing the child's parents or caregiver prior to assessing the child?

    <p>To provide support to caregivers and involve them as co-therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is sometimes prescribed to manage aggression, hyperactivity, or stereotypical or withdrawal behaviors?

    <p>Antipsychotic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that nurses can support caregivers of autistic children?

    <p>By educating them about autism and involving them as co-therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to repetitive patterns of behavior?

    <p>Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that caregivers can prevent the child from wandering off?

    <p>By putting locks and possibly alarms on doors and windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the safety measures that caregivers can take to prevent injury?

    <p>By hiding all electrical wires and cables and covering electrical outlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way that nurses can help caregivers access resources?

    <p>By providing support to caregivers through educating them about autism and involving them as co-therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence of autism worldwide?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range when autism typically appears?

    <p>Under 3 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of an autistic child?

    <p>2-18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible environmental factor that contributes to the etiology of autism?

    <p>Exposure to destructive chemicals or pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sex ratio of autism?

    <p>4:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of autistic children have known genetic mutations?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence rate of autism in Egypt?

    <p>1 in 870 children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the severity of autism in girls compared to boys?

    <p>Girls have more severe symptoms than boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Autism Spectrum Disorder

    • Autism is a disorder, not a disease, with unknown etiology and no exact treatment, and no two autistic children are the same.

    Definition of Autism

    • Autism is a chronic, complex developmental disability characterized by varied degrees of:
      • Lack of communication and social interaction skills
      • Association of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors

    Incidence and Prevalence

    • Autism prevalence is approximately 1% worldwide
    • In the United States, autism occurs in 1 in 68 births
    • Autism is more common among boys than girls (4:1), but the severity of autism is higher in girls than in boys
    • In Egypt, the prevalence rate of autism is 1 in 870 children

    Etiology

    • No single known cause for autism, but combinations of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disorder
    • Genetic factors:
      • 15% of autistic children have known genetic mutations
      • 2-18% risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of the autistic child
    • Environmental factors:
      • Pregnant women's exposure to destructive chemicals or pollutants
      • Early maternal or fetal exposure to certain viruses
      • Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or early childhood

    Developmental Red Flags

    • Not responding to their name by age 12 months
    • Not pointing at objects to show interest by age 14 months
    • Not playing pretend games by age 18 months
    • Avoiding eye contact and wanting to be alone
    • Having trouble understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings
    • Having delayed speech and language skills
    • Repeating words or phrases over and over
    • Giving unrelated answers to questions
    • Getting upset by minor changes
    • Having obsessive interests
    • Flapping the hands, rocking the body, or spinning in circles
    • Having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel

    Clinical Manifestations of Autism

    • Clinical manifestations of autism vary greatly depending on the child's age, intellectual level, developmental level, linguistic ability, treatment history, and severity of autism
    • Symptoms present before three years old and limit daily functioning
    • Persistent impairment in social communication and social interaction
    • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

    Treatment and Nursing Intervention

    • Medications may be used to treat symptoms and behaviors associated with autism
    • Nurses must help autistic children and their families get the best possible care
    • Nursing care for autistic children's parents:
      • Educate parents about autism and involve them as co-therapists
      • Assist them in accessing resources
      • Provide support and guidance on creating a safe environment for the child

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of Autism Spectrum Disorder, including its definition, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, and management in nursing intervention. It's a part of the nursing program.

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