Autism Spectrum Disorder Quiz and Flashcards for Nurses

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the roles of Vitamin D in the body?

To enhance DNA repair (correct)

To develop pretend play skills

To increase obsessive interests

To improve social communication

What is a common symptom of autism in children under 18 months?

Having unusual reactions to sounds

Not pointing at objects to show interest (correct)

Giving unrelated answers to questions

Having delayed speech and language skills

What is an example of a restricted, repetitive pattern of behavior in autism?

Flapping the hands, rocking the body, or spinning in circles (correct)

Playing pretend games with others

Identifying and expressing emotions

Responding to his or her name

What is a deficit in social-emotional reciprocity?

Not understanding other people's feelings Signup and view all the answers

At what age should a child typically respond to his or her name?

12 months Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a deficit in non-verbal communication in autism?

Poor eye contact Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of autism according to DSM-V?

Persistent impairment in social communication and social interaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of autism in children over 18 months?

Repeating words or phrases over and over Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to social interactions?

Deficits in developing or maintaining friendships Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nurses interviewing the child's parents or caregiver prior to assessing the child?

To provide support to caregivers and involve them as co-therapists Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is sometimes prescribed to manage aggression, hyperactivity, or stereotypical or withdrawal behaviors?

Antipsychotic medication Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that nurses can support caregivers of autistic children?

By educating them about autism and involving them as co-therapists Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to repetitive patterns of behavior?

Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that caregivers can prevent the child from wandering off?

By putting locks and possibly alarms on doors and windows Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the safety measures that caregivers can take to prevent injury?

By hiding all electrical wires and cables and covering electrical outlets Signup and view all the answers

What is one way that nurses can help caregivers access resources?

By providing support to caregivers through educating them about autism and involving them as co-therapists Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of autism worldwide?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range when autism typically appears?

Under 3 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of an autistic child?

2-18% Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible environmental factor that contributes to the etiology of autism?

Exposure to destructive chemicals or pesticides Signup and view all the answers

What is the sex ratio of autism?

4:1 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of autistic children have known genetic mutations?

15% Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence rate of autism in Egypt?

1 in 870 children Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the severity of autism in girls compared to boys?

Girls have more severe symptoms than boys Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism is a disorder, not a disease, with unknown etiology and no exact treatment, and no two autistic children are the same.

Definition of Autism

Autism is a chronic, complex developmental disability characterized by varied degrees of:
- Lack of communication and social interaction skills
- Association of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors

Incidence and Prevalence

Autism prevalence is approximately 1% worldwide
In the United States, autism occurs in 1 in 68 births
Autism is more common among boys than girls (4:1), but the severity of autism is higher in girls than in boys
In Egypt, the prevalence rate of autism is 1 in 870 children

Etiology

No single known cause for autism, but combinations of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disorder
Genetic factors:
- 15% of autistic children have known genetic mutations
- 2-18% risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of the autistic child
Environmental factors:
- Pregnant women's exposure to destructive chemicals or pollutants
- Early maternal or fetal exposure to certain viruses
- Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or early childhood

Developmental Red Flags

Not responding to their name by age 12 months
Not pointing at objects to show interest by age 14 months
Not playing pretend games by age 18 months
Avoiding eye contact and wanting to be alone
Having trouble understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings
Having delayed speech and language skills
Repeating words or phrases over and over
Giving unrelated answers to questions
Getting upset by minor changes
Having obsessive interests
Flapping the hands, rocking the body, or spinning in circles
Having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel

Clinical Manifestations of Autism

Clinical manifestations of autism vary greatly depending on the child's age, intellectual level, developmental level, linguistic ability, treatment history, and severity of autism
Symptoms present before three years old and limit daily functioning
Persistent impairment in social communication and social interaction
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities

Treatment and Nursing Intervention

Medications may be used to treat symptoms and behaviors associated with autism
Nurses must help autistic children and their families get the best possible care
Nursing care for autistic children's parents:
- Educate parents about autism and involve them as co-therapists
- Assist them in accessing resources
- Provide support and guidance on creating a safe environment for the child

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of Autism Spectrum Disorder, including its definition, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, and management in nursing intervention. It's a part of the nursing program.