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What is one of the roles of Vitamin D in the body?
What is a common symptom of autism in children under 18 months?
What is an example of a restricted, repetitive pattern of behavior in autism?
What is a deficit in social-emotional reciprocity?
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At what age should a child typically respond to his or her name?
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What is an example of a deficit in non-verbal communication in autism?
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What is a characteristic of autism according to DSM-V?
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What is a common symptom of autism in children over 18 months?
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What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to social interactions?
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What is the purpose of nurses interviewing the child's parents or caregiver prior to assessing the child?
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What type of medication is sometimes prescribed to manage aggression, hyperactivity, or stereotypical or withdrawal behaviors?
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What is one way that nurses can support caregivers of autistic children?
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What is one of the clinical manifestations of autism related to repetitive patterns of behavior?
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What is one way that caregivers can prevent the child from wandering off?
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What is one of the safety measures that caregivers can take to prevent injury?
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What is one way that nurses can help caregivers access resources?
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What is the estimated prevalence of autism worldwide?
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What is the age range when autism typically appears?
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What is the risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of an autistic child?
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What is a possible environmental factor that contributes to the etiology of autism?
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What is the sex ratio of autism?
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What percentage of autistic children have known genetic mutations?
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What is the prevalence rate of autism in Egypt?
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What is true about the severity of autism in girls compared to boys?
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Study Notes
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Autism is a disorder, not a disease, with unknown etiology and no exact treatment, and no two autistic children are the same.
Definition of Autism
- Autism is a chronic, complex developmental disability characterized by varied degrees of:
- Lack of communication and social interaction skills
- Association of repetitive and stereotyped behaviors
Incidence and Prevalence
- Autism prevalence is approximately 1% worldwide
- In the United States, autism occurs in 1 in 68 births
- Autism is more common among boys than girls (4:1), but the severity of autism is higher in girls than in boys
- In Egypt, the prevalence rate of autism is 1 in 870 children
Etiology
- No single known cause for autism, but combinations of genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disorder
- Genetic factors:
- 15% of autistic children have known genetic mutations
- 2-18% risk of recurrence of autism in siblings of the autistic child
- Environmental factors:
- Pregnant women's exposure to destructive chemicals or pollutants
- Early maternal or fetal exposure to certain viruses
- Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or early childhood
Developmental Red Flags
- Not responding to their name by age 12 months
- Not pointing at objects to show interest by age 14 months
- Not playing pretend games by age 18 months
- Avoiding eye contact and wanting to be alone
- Having trouble understanding other people's feelings or talking about their own feelings
- Having delayed speech and language skills
- Repeating words or phrases over and over
- Giving unrelated answers to questions
- Getting upset by minor changes
- Having obsessive interests
- Flapping the hands, rocking the body, or spinning in circles
- Having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel
Clinical Manifestations of Autism
- Clinical manifestations of autism vary greatly depending on the child's age, intellectual level, developmental level, linguistic ability, treatment history, and severity of autism
- Symptoms present before three years old and limit daily functioning
- Persistent impairment in social communication and social interaction
- Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
Treatment and Nursing Intervention
- Medications may be used to treat symptoms and behaviors associated with autism
- Nurses must help autistic children and their families get the best possible care
- Nursing care for autistic children's parents:
- Educate parents about autism and involve them as co-therapists
- Assist them in accessing resources
- Provide support and guidance on creating a safe environment for the child
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of Autism Spectrum Disorder, including its definition, etiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, and management in nursing intervention. It's a part of the nursing program.