20 Questions
What is sound characterized by?
Propagation of energy from the source
How is amplitude usually expressed?
On a logarithmic scale
What fully specifies a sine wave?
Frequency, amplitude, and phase
What type of harmonics are present in the frequency spectrum of a square wave with a 200-Hz fundamental frequency?
Only odd harmonics
What is the fundamental organizing principle at each stage of auditory processing?
Tonotopy
Which type of fibers bifurcate to synapse on the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN)?
Type I fibers
What is preserved at high sound levels, especially for 'off-frequency' fibers?
Synchrony to amplitude modulation
The spiral structure of the auditory nerve is tonotopically organized. What does tonotopy refer to in this context?
Organization by frequency mapping
What is the function of outer hair cells in the cochlea?
Amplify organ of Corti vibrations
What is the main difference between the apex and base of the cochlea?
Apex is narrower and more stiff, while the base is wider and less stiff
What dominates at high frequencies in hair cell receptor potentials?
DC component
How many auditory-nerve fibers typically innervate a single inner hair cell?
~10
What does the cochlear amplifier achieve at low sound pressure levels?
Increases frequency selectivity and sensitivity
Which part of the cochlea experiences cochlear compression?
Outer hair cells
What is the role of the Medial Superior Olive (MSO) in auditory processing?
Detecting sound location based on interaural time difference
What does the Medial Superior Olive (MSO) do when it receives signals from both ears?
It integrates signals and fires action potentials
Which characteristic helps MSO neurons in detecting sound location?
Interaural Time Difference (ITD)
Why does a lower response occur when action potentials are out of sync in the MSO?
Failure of binaural coincidence detection
What is the significance of interaural time difference (ITD) in auditory processing?
Providing a cue for sound location
What do recordings in the MSO show preference for?
Phase at each frequency
Explore the concept of auditory-nerve temporal coding of tones, including how phase locking encodes tone frequency at high sound levels. Learn about period histograms, the effects of level on phase-locking to SAM, and the spiral structure of the auditory nerve in tonotopic representation.
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