Attitudes and Values Theories Quiz

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What theory states that people seek consistency among their attitudes?

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Cross-Cultural Attitude Theory

Inconsistency Avoidance Theory

Cognitive Balance Theory (correct)

According to Triandis (1994), where does cognitive consistency vary more?

Japan (correct)

Australia

United States

China

In which country is handling inconsistency considered a sign of maturity?

China

Germany

United States

Japan (correct)

What term is used to describe the unpleasant state of emotions resulting from inconsistency?

Cognitive Dissonance Signup and view all the answers

Which theory deals with the reduction of discomfort caused by cognitive dissonance?

Cognitive Dissonance Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does Festinger (1957) propose as the reason behind people seeking to reduce cognitive dissonance?

Eliminating unpleasant emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is one technique for reducing dissonance mentioned in the text?

Enhancing evaluation of the chosen decision Signup and view all the answers

Who tends to be more concerned about violating social standards according to the text?

People in collectivistic cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is social attribution a process of doing, as mentioned in the text?

Explaining others' and one's own behavior Signup and view all the answers

How do people tend to perceive faces with minor scars in the study mentioned?

Less sociable, attractive, and more dishonest Signup and view all the answers

What is a common quick assessment factor mentioned in the text for evaluating people?

Physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

In which type of cultures do individuals fear challenging social harmony more, according to the text?

Collectivistic cultures Signup and view all the answers

Which cultural value is commonly associated with a duty-based view of morality?

Collectivism Signup and view all the answers

What is a stereotype, based on the provided text?

An assumption that all members of a group share a common trait Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of norms in a group?

To guide how members should and should not behave Signup and view all the answers

What are sanctions with regards to social norms?

Punish those who follow norms Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Embeddedness' refer to in cultures according to the text?

Resisting disruptions to ingroup solidarity Signup and view all the answers

In the context of conformity, what does changing attitudes or behaviors to align with a group refer to?

Compliance Signup and view all the answers

What are the three common explanations people use to explain why individuals succeed or fail?

Individual ability, Effort, Task difficulty Signup and view all the answers

Which bias involves explaining personal success as a result of external factors and failure as a result of one’s personal mistakes or weaknesses?

Self-centered bias Signup and view all the answers

In which culture do individuals tend to attribute failure to themselves more frequently and success to themselves less frequently?

Japanese culture Signup and view all the answers

What type of bias involves explaining the success of others by internal factors and failure by external ones?

Group-serving bias Signup and view all the answers

Which bias is particularly strong when individuals express their opinions in front of their group members?

Group-serving bias Signup and view all the answers

Which view emphasizes the autonomy of individuals and their personal rights?

Justice-based view Signup and view all the answers

What did Deutsch & Gerard (1955) find regarding decision-making and conformity in unfamiliar situations?

Decision making increases conformity in unfamiliar situations. Signup and view all the answers

How did Milgram's experiments illustrate the concept of obedience?

Participants followed orders given by others, even violating their moral standards. Signup and view all the answers

What tends to reduce hesitation in obedience according to research findings?

Assuming responsibility for our actions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences obedience heavily according to the information provided?

High-power distance in countries Signup and view all the answers

How is social influence defined in the context of psychology?

Efforts to alter the behavior or attitudes of others by an individual Signup and view all the answers

What impact does power have on individuals' outlook as per Larsen (1972)?

Individuals low in power tend to be pessimistic. Signup and view all the answers