Attitudes and Values Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What theory states that people seek consistency among their attitudes?

  • Cognitive Dissonance Theory
  • Cross-Cultural Attitude Theory
  • Inconsistency Avoidance Theory
  • Cognitive Balance Theory (correct)
  • According to Triandis (1994), where does cognitive consistency vary more?

  • Japan (correct)
  • Australia
  • United States
  • China
  • In which country is handling inconsistency considered a sign of maturity?

  • China
  • Germany
  • United States
  • Japan (correct)
  • What term is used to describe the unpleasant state of emotions resulting from inconsistency?

    <p>Cognitive Dissonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory deals with the reduction of discomfort caused by cognitive dissonance?

    <p>Cognitive Dissonance Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Festinger (1957) propose as the reason behind people seeking to reduce cognitive dissonance?

    <p>Eliminating unpleasant emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one technique for reducing dissonance mentioned in the text?

    <p>Enhancing evaluation of the chosen decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who tends to be more concerned about violating social standards according to the text?

    <p>People in collectivistic cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social attribution a process of doing, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Explaining others' and one's own behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do people tend to perceive faces with minor scars in the study mentioned?

    <p>Less sociable, attractive, and more dishonest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common quick assessment factor mentioned in the text for evaluating people?

    <p>Physical appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cultures do individuals fear challenging social harmony more, according to the text?

    <p>Collectivistic cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural value is commonly associated with a duty-based view of morality?

    <p>Collectivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a stereotype, based on the provided text?

    <p>An assumption that all members of a group share a common trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of norms in a group?

    <p>To guide how members should and should not behave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sanctions with regards to social norms?

    <p>Punish those who follow norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Embeddedness' refer to in cultures according to the text?

    <p>Resisting disruptions to ingroup solidarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of conformity, what does changing attitudes or behaviors to align with a group refer to?

    <p>Compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three common explanations people use to explain why individuals succeed or fail?

    <p>Individual ability, Effort, Task difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias involves explaining personal success as a result of external factors and failure as a result of one’s personal mistakes or weaknesses?

    <p>Self-centered bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which culture do individuals tend to attribute failure to themselves more frequently and success to themselves less frequently?

    <p>Japanese culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bias involves explaining the success of others by internal factors and failure by external ones?

    <p>Group-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bias is particularly strong when individuals express their opinions in front of their group members?

    <p>Group-serving bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which view emphasizes the autonomy of individuals and their personal rights?

    <p>Justice-based view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Deutsch & Gerard (1955) find regarding decision-making and conformity in unfamiliar situations?

    <p>Decision making increases conformity in unfamiliar situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Milgram's experiments illustrate the concept of obedience?

    <p>Participants followed orders given by others, even violating their moral standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to reduce hesitation in obedience according to research findings?

    <p>Assuming responsibility for our actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences obedience heavily according to the information provided?

    <p>High-power distance in countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is social influence defined in the context of psychology?

    <p>Efforts to alter the behavior or attitudes of others by an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does power have on individuals' outlook as per Larsen (1972)?

    <p>Individuals low in power tend to be pessimistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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