Cholinergic Agonist PHARM TEST

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What is a clinical use of Atropine related to ocular conditions?

Treatment of myopia (correct)

Treatment of hypertension

Treatment of diabetes

Treatment of asthma

Which ocular side effect is associated with Atropine use?

Keratitis (correct)

Increased salivation

Improved night vision

Watery eyes

What is a systemic side effect of Atropine at lethal dosages in children?

Enhanced salivation

Decreased heart rate

Enhanced sweating

Coma (correct)

Which of the following is an initial systemic sign of Atropine toxicity?

Dryness of mouth and skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific antidote for Atropine toxicity?

Physostigmine Signup and view all the answers

Which age group requires extreme caution when administering Atropine due to the risk of severe side effects?

Children 1-5 years old Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is responsible for both pre and post-ganglionic synapse in the efferent oculo-parasympathetic pathway?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors are primarily found in the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle in the eye?

M3 receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a direct parasympathomimetic used in ophthalmology?

Pilocarpine Signup and view all the answers

What is the dosage form of Atropine that is a membrane-bound device used for sustained drug release in the eye?

Ocusert pilo-20 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common systemic side effect associated with the use of Atropine?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

In ophthalmology, Atropine is commonly used for which of the following clinical purposes?

Inducing cycloplegia for refraction assessment Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the mydriatic and cycloplegic effects of Homatropine compared to Atropine?

Homatropine has a shorter duration of mydriatic and cycloplegic action than Atropine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical use of Scopolamine (hyoscine) discussed in the text?

Alternative in cases where the patient is allergic to Atropine Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cyclopentolate from Atropine regarding its ocular side effects?

Cyclopentolate leads to an increase in intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, unlike Atropine. Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect is Cyclopentolate different from Atropine in terms of recovery?

Cyclopentolate allows full recovery within 24 hours, while Atropine may have a longer recovery time. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical use for Cyclopentolate as mentioned in the text?

Alternative adjunct treatment for iridocyclitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systemic side effects is NOT associated with Atropine toxicity?

Muscle twitching Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Scopolamine compared to Atropine in terms of side effects?

Does not cause central nervous system effects Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect does Tropicamide differ from Atropine in ocular effects?

Leads to cycloplegic blur in amblyopia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical use for Cyclopentolate related to ocular conditions?

Inducing cycloplegic refraction Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Scopolamine from Tropicamide regarding systemic side effects?

Requires cautious use in children aged 1-5 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systemic side effects is a characteristic of Scopolamine toxicity?

Facial flushing Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Tropicamide from Atropine in terms of eye irritation?

Irritates with chlorobutanol Signup and view all the answers

In what aspect does Scopolamine differ from Atropine regarding its central nervous system effects?

Does not cause irritability or coma Signup and view all the answers

What is a common ocular side effect associated with Cyclopentolate use?

Increased IOP in open-angle glaucoma patients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systemic side effects is a notable sign of Tropicamide toxicity?

Facial flushing and fever Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific antidote for Atropine toxicity?

Physostigmine Signup and view all the answers

What is the lethal dosage of Atropine in adults?

100 mg Signup and view all the answers

Which age group requires extreme caution when administering Parasympatholitics Atropine due to the risk of severe side effects?

1-5 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is an initial systemic sign of Atropine toxicity?

Decrease salivation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common ocular side effect associated with the use of Atropine?

Elevated intraocular pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Edrophonium Chloride (Tensilon) in the context of ocular pharmacology?

Inhibits cholinesterase, leading to an increase in acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the role of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) in ocular pharmacology?

Inhibits the function of voltage-gated calcium channels on nerve-muscle neuromuscular junctions Signup and view all the answers

In the context of ocular pharmacology, what distinguishes Pilocarpine in its mechanism of action compared to other parasympathomimetics?

Directly stimulates M3 receptors on the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with Atropine use in ocular pharmacology?

Increased intraocular pressure Signup and view all the answers

How do Parasympatholytics like Atropine affect the ciliary muscle and iris sphincter in ocular pharmacology?

Cause cycloplegia and mydriasis Signup and view all the answers

Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is primarily used as an alternative treatment in cycloplegic refraction not involving accommodative esotropia?

Homatropine 5% Signup and view all the answers

Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is commercially available in 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%?

Cyclopentolate Signup and view all the answers

Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug has a clinical use as an adjunct treatment of iridocyclitis?

Cyclopentolate 1.0% Signup and view all the answers

Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug has adverse effects that are similar to atropine?