42 Questions
What is a clinical use of Atropine related to ocular conditions?
Treatment of myopia
Which ocular side effect is associated with Atropine use?
Keratitis
What is a systemic side effect of Atropine at lethal dosages in children?
Coma
Which of the following is an initial systemic sign of Atropine toxicity?
Dryness of mouth and skin
What is a specific antidote for Atropine toxicity?
Physostigmine
Which age group requires extreme caution when administering Atropine due to the risk of severe side effects?
Children 1-5 years old
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for both pre and post-ganglionic synapse in the efferent oculo-parasympathetic pathway?
Acetylcholine
What type of receptors are primarily found in the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle in the eye?
M3 receptors
Which of the following is a direct parasympathomimetic used in ophthalmology?
Pilocarpine
What is the dosage form of Atropine that is a membrane-bound device used for sustained drug release in the eye?
Ocusert pilo-20
Which of the following is a common systemic side effect associated with the use of Atropine?
Bradycardia
In ophthalmology, Atropine is commonly used for which of the following clinical purposes?
Inducing cycloplegia for refraction assessment
What is true about the mydriatic and cycloplegic effects of Homatropine compared to Atropine?
Homatropine has a shorter duration of mydriatic and cycloplegic action than Atropine.
What is the main clinical use of Scopolamine (hyoscine) discussed in the text?
Alternative in cases where the patient is allergic to Atropine
What distinguishes Cyclopentolate from Atropine regarding its ocular side effects?
Cyclopentolate leads to an increase in intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, unlike Atropine.
In what aspect is Cyclopentolate different from Atropine in terms of recovery?
Cyclopentolate allows full recovery within 24 hours, while Atropine may have a longer recovery time.
What is a common clinical use for Cyclopentolate as mentioned in the text?
Alternative adjunct treatment for iridocyclitis
Which of the following systemic side effects is NOT associated with Atropine toxicity?
Muscle twitching
What is a distinguishing feature of Scopolamine compared to Atropine in terms of side effects?
Does not cause central nervous system effects
In what aspect does Tropicamide differ from Atropine in ocular effects?
Leads to cycloplegic blur in amblyopia
Which of the following is a common clinical use for Cyclopentolate related to ocular conditions?
Inducing cycloplegic refraction
What distinguishes Scopolamine from Tropicamide regarding systemic side effects?
Requires cautious use in children aged 1-5 years
Which of the following systemic side effects is a characteristic of Scopolamine toxicity?
Facial flushing
What distinguishes Tropicamide from Atropine in terms of eye irritation?
Irritates with chlorobutanol
In what aspect does Scopolamine differ from Atropine regarding its central nervous system effects?
Does not cause irritability or coma
What is a common ocular side effect associated with Cyclopentolate use?
Increased IOP in open-angle glaucoma patients
Which of the following systemic side effects is a notable sign of Tropicamide toxicity?
Facial flushing and fever
Which of the following is a specific antidote for Atropine toxicity?
Physostigmine
What is the lethal dosage of Atropine in adults?
100 mg
Which age group requires extreme caution when administering Parasympatholitics Atropine due to the risk of severe side effects?
1-5 years old
What is an initial systemic sign of Atropine toxicity?
Decrease salivation
Which of the following is a common ocular side effect associated with the use of Atropine?
Elevated intraocular pressure
What is the mechanism of action of Edrophonium Chloride (Tensilon) in the context of ocular pharmacology?
Inhibits cholinesterase, leading to an increase in acetylcholine levels at the neuromuscular junction
Which of the following statements best describes the role of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) in ocular pharmacology?
Inhibits the function of voltage-gated calcium channels on nerve-muscle neuromuscular junctions
In the context of ocular pharmacology, what distinguishes Pilocarpine in its mechanism of action compared to other parasympathomimetics?
Directly stimulates M3 receptors on the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle
Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with Atropine use in ocular pharmacology?
Increased intraocular pressure
How do Parasympatholytics like Atropine affect the ciliary muscle and iris sphincter in ocular pharmacology?
Cause cycloplegia and mydriasis
Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is primarily used as an alternative treatment in cycloplegic refraction not involving accommodative esotropia?
Homatropine 5%
Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is commercially available in 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%?
Cyclopentolate
Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug has a clinical use as an adjunct treatment of iridocyclitis?
Cyclopentolate 1.0%
Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug has adverse effects that are similar to atropine?
Homatropine 5%
Which mydriatic and cycloplegic drug is primarily used as an alternative treatment when allergic reaction to atropine occurs?
Scopolamine
Explore the clinical uses and ocular side effects of atropine, a naturally occurring alkaloid from the plant Atropa belladona. Learn about its applications in cycloplegic refraction, treatment of myopia, and more, as well as potential side effects such as irritation, keratitis, and angle closure.
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