ATPL Instrument Rating Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the obstacle clearance required in the primary area of the initial approach segment in an instrument approach procedure?

300m (984 ft)

At least 300m (984 ft) (correct)

At least 150m (492 ft)

150m (492 ft)

What action should be taken if contact is lost with the aerodrome on the downwind leg?

Maintain circling altitude and turn towards the aerodrome

Request an amended clearance

Descend to OCL/ACH hoping for better visibility

Initiate a missed approach (correct)

Which approach speed range (Vat) applies for Category B aircraft?

121 kts to 141 kts

261 km/h to 307 km/h

91 kts to 120 kts (correct)

224 km/h to 261 km/h

During circling-to-land, what is the maximum allowed airspeed for a Category B aeroplane to remain within the protection envelope?

135 kt Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical radius of the Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) established around a navigation facility?

25 NM Signup and view all the answers

How many separate segments does an instrument approach procedure have?

Up to 5 Signup and view all the answers

The ILS glide path is typically intercepted within which distance range?

3 and 10 NM Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum descent gradient allowed in the final approach?

5 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is included in an instrument approach procedure?

5 segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum obstacle clearance in the primary area of an initial approach segment?

984 ft Signup and view all the answers

When visual reference is lost while circling to land, the pilot should climb towards which location?

Landing runway Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for establishing aerodrome operational minima for instrument approaches?

Appropriate authority of the State of the aerodrome Signup and view all the answers

In the context of missed approaches, what is the minimum obstacle clearance during the final phase?

50m (164 ft) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal climb gradient for a missed approach procedure?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

What does the initial approach segment in an instrument approach procedure commence at?

Initial approach fix (IAF) Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions would an ILS glide path of more than 3o be acceptable?

When other means of obstacle clearance are impractical Signup and view all the answers

What altitude reference is used for the OCA in an ILS approach?

Mean sea level Signup and view all the answers

Where does the initial section of a missed approach procedure conclude?

When established in the climb Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is it permissible to descend below MDA/H?

Visual reference with the runway is established and can be maintained Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for a 45-degree turn away from the outbound track in a procedure turn for categories A and B aircraft?

1 minute Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT considered in the calculation of DA/DH?

Highest obstacle in the approach path only Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for establishing the OCA/H for an approach procedure?

The state Signup and view all the answers

Where does the initial phase of a missed approach procedure conclude?

Where the climb is established Signup and view all the answers

For a precision approach, obstacle height is referenced to which of the following?

Runway threshold Signup and view all the answers

How is the obstacle clearance altitude/height (OCA/H) determined for the visual manoeuvring area?

For all categories of aircraft, potentially differing for each Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in the design of an instrument departure procedure?

Terrain elevation and obstacles Signup and view all the answers

What does the NTZ extend from, and to which point does it correspond?

The threshold to the point of reduced vertical separation Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically shown on an approach plate?

Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct assumption for obstacle clearance regarding pilot deviation from the center line during an ILS approach?

Half scale deflection of the localiser indicator Signup and view all the answers

Where does the initial approach segment begin and what is the corresponding obstacle clearance in the primary area?

Initial approach fix, 300m Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum distance for the Final Approach Point (FAP) from the threshold of the instrument runway?

19 km (10 nm) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum radar separation allowed for two aircraft established on adjacent parallel ILS localisers under mode 2 operations?

2 NM Signup and view all the answers

What is the point at which the intermediate missed approach segment ends?

Where 50m obstacle clearance is obtained and can be maintained Signup and view all the answers

What is the obstacle clearance guaranteed in the initial segment of an approach?

300m (984 ft) Signup and view all the answers

What is the localiser accuracy assumption for the obstacle clearance surfaces of an ILS approach?

½ scale Signup and view all the answers

What is the outbound leg time for a cat B aircraft during a 45/180 procedure turn?

1 min Signup and view all the answers

How many phases are included in a missed approach procedure?

3 phases Signup and view all the answers

What is the steepest descent path permitted for a non-precision approach?

6.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum deviation from the center line allowed during a precision approach (ILS) after being established on track?

Half a scale deflection Signup and view all the answers

What is the nominal missed approach climb gradient typically used?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

In the event visual reference is lost during a visual circling maneuver, what should the pilot do?

Make an initial climbing turn towards the runway and follow missed approach procedures Signup and view all the answers

When is it permitted to descend below MDA/H during a circling approach?

Visual reference is maintained and the landing threshold is in sight Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum descent gradient typically applied in the final approach segment to ensure minimum obstacle clearance?

6.5% Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met before descending below MDA/H during visual circling?

ATC has issued a landing clearance Signup and view all the answers

Where do missed approach procedures typically initiate?

At the missed approach point Signup and view all the answers

If contact with the runway is lost while in a circling maneuver, what should the pilot do?

Initiate a missed approach Signup and view all the answers

How many aircraft approach categories are recognized in the new ICAO instrument approach procedures?

5 Signup and view all the answers

What glide path angle is preferred for the construction of precision approaches?

3 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What obstacle clearance is provided by minimum sector altitudes near the homing facility for the approach procedure?

300m within 25 nm of the homing facility Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you lose necessary visual references while circling visually?

Make an initial climbing turn towards the landing runway Signup and view all the answers

In a precision approach, glide path intersection generally occurs at what heights above runway elevation?

300m (984 ft) to 900m (2955 ft) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum OCH above aerodrome level for a circling approach?

Depends on aircraft category Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum acceptable angle between the final approach track and the runway center line for a straight-in approach?

30 degrees or less Signup and view all the answers

During a missed approach, what is the minimum obstacle clearance in the intermediate phase?

50 m (164 ft) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a turn executed by the aircraft during the transition between the outbound track and the intermediate or final approach track?

Base turn Signup and view all the answers

Minimum sector altitudes are established for a distance from the IAF of how many nautical miles?

25 NM Signup and view all the answers

Which condition allows an aircraft on a straight-in-VOR approach to descend below the OCA?

When the aircraft is in visual contact with the ground and with the runway lights in sight Signup and view all the answers

What is the obstacle clearance in the primary area of the intermediate approach segment?

150m (492 ft) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum obstacle clearance in the initial approach segment primary area?

300 m (984 ft) Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition may a visual approach be performed during IFR flights?

If there is permanent sight on the movement area and the underlying ground Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the corridor around a specified arrival route?

±5 NM Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for traffic avoidance during an arrival procedure under an IFR flight plan in VMC conditions?

The pilot-in-command Signup and view all the answers

What is the bank angle assumed for turns performed in the protection areas associated with instrument approach procedures?

25 degrees or the angle for a 3o/s turn rate, whichever is lower Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum sector altitude providing obstacle clearance within the specified range of the homing facility?

984,25 ft within 25 NM Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate term for a descent or climb conducted in a holding pattern during an approach?

Shuttle Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum permitted interception angle to intercept the localiser for parallel runway operations?

30° Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest decision height (DH) allowed for a CAT-1 ILS approach?

200 ft above the threshold Signup and view all the answers

What is the allowed angle between the extended runway centerline and the final approach track for a non-precision approach?

30° Signup and view all the answers

What defines being 'established' on the localiser of an ILS approach?

Within half-scale deviation of the CDI Signup and view all the answers

What must be followed when passing a step-down fix on the final approach track?

Not below the specified crossing altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the obstacle clearance in the intermediate approach segment?

300m reducing to 150m Signup and view all the answers

In a precision approach (ILS), what should the vertical distance between the flight paths of the wheels and glide path antenna not exceed?

6m Signup and view all the answers

When does the initial missed approach segment begin?

At the missed approach point Signup and view all the answers

What is the obstacle clearance during arrival and initial segments of an instrument procedure?

300m Signup and view all the answers

For a category A aircraft, which procedure turn manoeuvre takes 2 minutes in still air?

80/260 procedure turn Signup and view all the answers

Where does the initial sector of a missed approach procedure end?

When climb is established Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum obstacle clearance in the primary area of the initial approach segment?

984 ft Signup and view all the answers

What climb gradient is assumed for missed approach procedures unless indicated otherwise?

2.5% Signup and view all the answers

What defines the NOZ for parallel runway operations?

From runway threshold to localiser establishment Signup and view all the answers

What is the obstacle clearance provided by an MSA within 46 km of the homing facility?

300m Signup and view all the answers

Which category of aircraft typically requires protected airspace and obstacle clearance?

Category D Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is the runway threshold elevation used for OCA/H reference in non-precision approaches?

If the threshold elevation is more than 2m below the aerodrome elevation Signup and view all the answers

What is the assumed accuracy of a VOR providing track guidance when constructing an instrument approach?

±5.2° Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall tolerance assumed for an intersecting facility in constructing an instrument approach?

±4.5° Signup and view all the answers

What is the fix tolerance assumed within 40 nm of the ASR radar?

±3.1 km Signup and view all the answers

What is the pilot reaction time taken into account when constructing a turning missed approach?

0-5 seconds Signup and view all the answers

To what extent can the climb gradient of a missed approach be reduced?

2% with approval Signup and view all the answers

What prohibits circling within the total sector where an obstacle exists?

The published procedure Signup and view all the answers

What minimum vertical clearance is required before a turn of greater than 15° during a missed approach?

100 ft Signup and view all the answers

Which components are included in a complete missed approach procedure?

Arrival, initial, intermediate, and final phases Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum angle of intercept in a dead reckoning segment used in a STAR to intercept a localizer?

45° and 10 NM Signup and view all the answers

What condition allows a pilot to descend below the MDA during a circling approach?

Requirements for visual references have been satisfied Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper term for the turn from the outbound to the inbound section of an approach?

Procedure turn Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances may a pilot descend below MSA on an instrument approach?

When under radar control Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest possible Minimum Descent Height (MDH) for a VOR non-precision approach?

300 ft Signup and view all the answers

What is the MDH for an NDB non-precision approach?

300 ft Signup and view all the answers

What is the lowest possible MDH for an ILS (without glide slope) non-precision approach?

250 ft Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum MDH for an ILS back-beam non-precision approach?

Not approved Signup and view all the answers

What distance on final approach should prompt a controller to suggest a missed approach due to aircraft identity uncertainty?

2 NM Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition is a pilot allowed to deviate from a published instrument approach procedure?

If both visual reference is established and cleared for visual approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected time for an aircraft to leave the hold and begin its approach?

EAT Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum visibility requirement for a visual circling approach for a Category B aircraft?

1500m Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum obstacle clearance requirement at the end of the primary area of the intermediate approach segment?

300m reducing to 150m Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius of the circle associated with the Minimum Sector Altitudes (MSA)?

20 NM Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of all segments that can be part of an instrument approach procedure?

Arrival, holding, initial, intermediate, final, missed approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for descent below Minimum Descent Height (MDH) on a VMC approach?

Threshold in view and clear of cloud Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum required vertical separation between two aircraft on the same localizer approach course due to wake turbulence?

3 NM Signup and view all the answers

For non-precision or circling approaches, what cannot be the Minimum Descent Height (MDH)?

the Obstacle Clearance Height (OCH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum permissible descent gradient in the final approach for an instrument approach?

6.5% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Obstacle Clearance and Approach Procedures

The minimum obstacle clearance (MOC) in the primary area of the initial approach segment is 300m (984 ft).
If visual contact with the aerodrome is lost while on the downwind leg, initiate a missed approach.
For Category B aircraft, the applicable approach speed range is from 91 kts to 120 kts.
The maximum allowed airspeed during circling-to-land for a Category B airplane is 135 kt.
Minimum Sector Altitudes are valid within a sector of 25 NM around a navigation facility.

Instrument Approach Segments

An instrument approach procedure can consist of up to 5 segments.
The ILS glide path is typically intercepted between 3 and 10 NM from the runway.
The optimum descent gradient in the final approach is capped at 5 percent.
If visual references are lost during circling, execute an initial climbing turn towards the landing runway.

Precision and Non-Precision Approaches

In a precision approach (ILS), glide path intersection heights range from 300m (984 ft) to 900m (2955 ft).
Minimum obstacle clearance above aerodrome level during circling approaches varies by aircraft category.
For non-precision approaches, a straight-in approach is acceptable if the angle between the final approach track and the runway centerline is 30 degrees or less.

Missed Approach Procedures

The phases of a missed approach procedure consist of initial, intermediate, and final phases.
The MOC in the intermediate approach segment is 150 m (492 ft).
Initial phase of missed approach procedures ends when the climb is established.

Design and Operational Factors

The design climb gradient for a missed approach procedure is typically 2.5%.
The protection areas for instrument approaches assume turns at a bank angle of 25 degrees or at a 3°/s turn rate, lower for circling procedures.
The obstacle clearance altitude/height for an approach procedure is established by the state.

ILS Approaches and Separation Standards

Obstacle clearance for an ILS approach assumes a pilot does not deviate from the centerline more than half scale deflection.
Minimum radar separation for aircraft established on adjacent parallel ILS localisers is 2 NM.
For precision approaches, the final approach point starts at an established distance not exceeding 10 NM from the runway threshold.

Important Altitudes and Gradients

The decision height for a category 1 precision approach cannot be lower than 200 ft.
The maximum descent gradient for precision approaches should not exceed 6.5%.
For a visual circling maneuver, visual reference must be established before descending below MDA/H.

Circling Approach Considerations

When circling to land, descend below the MDA/H only when visual reference and required obstacle clearance can be maintained.
If visual contact is lost during circling, initiate a climbing turn towards the landing runway.

Summary of Key Air Traffic Control (ATC) Responsibilities

Aerodrome operational minima for instrument approaches are established by the appropriate authority of the State of the aerodrome.
The obstacle height for precision approaches is referenced to the runway threshold.

Other Relevant Points

The width of the arrival corridor is ±5 NM.
The missed approach segment begins at the missed approach point (MAP).
Procedures for a circling approach include maintaining obstacle clearance and establishing visual reference prior to descent.### Non-Precision and Precision Approaches
Maximum gradient for final approach segment of a non-precision approach is 6.5%.
Procedure turn for categories C, D, E aircraft requires a 45° turn away for 1 minute 15 seconds.
Lowest minimum decision height (MDH) for a VOR/DME non-precision approach is 250 ft.

Minimum Decision Heights (MDH)

Straight-in approach MDH cannot be below the obstacle clearance height (OCH).
CAT 1 precision approach requires decision height (DH) of at least 200 ft and a runway visual range (RVR) of 550 meters.
MDH for a VOR non-precision approach is 300 ft, while for an NDB non-precision approach it is also 300 ft.
MDH for an ILS (without glide slope) non-precision approach is 250 ft.

Obstacle Clearance

Step-down fix requires aircraft to pass at or above a specified crossing altitude.
Obstacle clearance in the intermediate approach segment reduces from 300m (984 ft) to 150m (492 ft).
Vertical distance between aircraft wheels and glide path antenna should not exceed 6m in precision approaches.

Missed Approach Procedures

Initial missed approach segment starts at the missed approach point (MAPT) and ends when the climb is established.
Missed approach procedures typically based on a minimum climb gradient of 2.5%.
Sequence of missed approach phases includes initial, intermediate, and final.

Visual Approaches and Descents

Visual approach during IFR flights requires sight on the movement area and underlying ground.
Conditions to descend below the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) include having required visual references maintained.
Minimum visibility for a visual circling approach for Category B aircraft is 1500m.

Instrument Approach Segments

Five segments of an instrument approach procedure include arrival, initial, intermediate, final, and missed approach.
Maximum permissible descent gradient during final approach is 6.5%.
The holding pattern allows deviations in the descent during a shuttle pattern.

Separation and Interception

For independent parallel runway operations, maximum interception angle to the localizer is 30°.
Minimum radar separation for two aircraft on the same localizer approach is 4 NM due to wake turbulence considerations.

Instrument Guidance and Accuracy

VOR track guidance accuracy is assumed to be ±5.2°.
Maximum angle of intercept for a dead reckoning segment in a STAR to intercept a localizer is 45° and up to 10 NM in length.

Other Essential Facts

Minimum sector altitudes provide at least 984 ft obstacle clearance within 25 NM of the homing facility.
Pilots may deviate from published procedures if visual reference is established or with ATC clearance.
Visual reference under VMC conditions during an IFR flight is the pilot’s responsibility for traffic avoidance.

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Test your knowledge on critical aspects of the ATPL instrument rating, including obstacle clearance and approach segments. This quiz covers various scenarios and key concepts relevant to pilots. Perfect for those preparing for aviation exams.