ATP Synthesis in Fo-F1 Domain

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of Fo rotation in ATP synthase?

To cause conformational changes in the F1 domain (correct)

To bind ADP + Pi

To create a proton gradient

To pump protons into the mitochondrial matrix

What is the effect of oligomycin on ATP synthase?

It closes the H+ channel (correct)

It increases electron transport

It phosphorylates ADP to ATP

It enhances the proton gradient

What is the result of the pH and electrical gradients not being dissipated?

Electron transport continues

Electron transport stops (correct)

ATP synthesis increases

Proton pumping becomes easier

What is the term for the dependence of cellular respiration on the ability to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

Respiratory control Signup and view all the answers

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

Mitochondrial inner membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proton gradient in ATP synthase?

To drive ATP synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of proton movement in the mitochondrial inner membrane?

From the matrix into the intermembrane space Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of ADP + Pi to ATP synthase?

Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inhibition of electron transport on phosphorylation?

Phosphorylation decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondrial membrane?

To create a proton leak and release energy as heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of decreased availability of ADP or Pi?

Respiratory control Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of UCP1 in mammals?

To produce heat in brown adipocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on electron transport and phosphorylation?

It uncouples electron transport and phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of generating heat in brown adipocytes?

Thermogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What activates UCP1 in mammals?

Fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in mammals?

Inner mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

In humans, which of the following uncoupling proteins is most likely to play a significant role in energy balance?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron carrier molecule involved in the electron transport chain?

CoQ Signup and view all the answers

Where does the process of thermogenesis occur in response to cold in the neonate?

Brown fat Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular compartment is the electron transport chain primarily located?

Mitochondrial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain that drives ATP synthesis?

Proton gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brown fat in response to cold in the neonate?

Thermogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ATP Synthase

Fo rotation causes conformational changes in the F1 domain, allowing it to bind ADP + Pi, phosphorylate ADP to ATP, and release ATP

Oligomycin

Oligomycin binds to the Fo domain of ATP synthase, closing the H+ channel
This prevents reentry of protons into the mitochondrial matrix and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
As a result, electron transport stops due to the difficulty of pumping protons against steep gradients

Respiratory Control

Cellular respiration depends on the ability to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
This is known as respiratory control, which is the consequence of the tight coupling of electron transport and phosphorylation
Inhibition of one process inhibits the other, and also results from decreased availability of ADP or Pi

Uncoupling Proteins (UCP)

UCPs occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammals, including humans
They create a "proton leak," allowing protons to re-enter the mitochondrial matrix without energy being captured as ATP
The energy is released as heat, and the process is called nonshivering thermogenesis

UCP1 (Thermogenin)

UCP1 is responsible for heat production in brown adipocytes of mammals
It is activated by fatty acids and uses almost 90% of respiratory energy for thermogenesis in response to cold in neonates and during arousal in hibernating animals

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Description

This quiz covers the process of ATP synthesis in the Fo-F1 domain, including the role of oligomycin and conformational changes that allow ATP production.