10 Questions
A neutron has a positive charge.
False
The number of neutrons in an atom determines the element.
False
Molecules can be composed of atoms of the same element.
True
Hydrogen bonds are strong bonds between atoms.
False
A molecule is a single atom that retains the properties of an element.
False
Elements can be classified as only Metals and Nonmetals.
False
Compounds have properties identical to their constituent elements.
False
The periodic table of elements is organized by the atomic mass of the elements.
False
Mixtures can only be separated by chemical reactions.
False
The periodic table shows the atomic structure of each element.
False
Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
- Consists of:
- Protons (positive charge): found in the nucleus, determines the element.
- Neutrons (no charge): found in the nucleus, affects the mass of the atom.
- Electrons (negative charge): found in energy levels around the nucleus, determines the chemical properties.
Subatomic Particles
- Protons:
- Positive charge
- Found in the nucleus
- Number of protons determines the element
- Neutrons:
- No charge
- Found in the nucleus
- Affects the mass of the atom
- Electrons:
- Negative charge
- Found in energy levels around the nucleus
- Determines the chemical properties
Molecular Composition
- A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
- Molecules can be:
- Homonuclear: composed of atoms of the same element.
- Heteronuclear: composed of atoms of different elements.
- Molecular formula: represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bonds: forces that hold atoms together in a molecule.
- Types of chemical bonds:
- Ionic bonds: formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds: formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- Hydrogen bonds: weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom.
Elements
- A substance that consists of only one type of atom.
- Elements are represented by symbols (e.g. H for hydrogen, C for carbon).
- Elements can be classified as:
- Metals
- Nonmetals
- Metalloids
Compounds
- A substance that consists of two or more different elements.
- Compounds are represented by chemical formulas (e.g. H2O for water, CO2 for carbon dioxide).
- Compounds have properties different from their constituent elements.
Mixtures
- A physical blend of two or more substances.
- Mixtures can be:
- Homogeneous: uniform composition throughout.
- Heterogeneous: nonuniform composition throughout.
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means (e.g. filtration, distillation).
Periodic Table of Elements
- A tabular arrangement of elements organized by their atomic number (number of protons).
- The periodic table shows:
- Relationships between elements
- Trends in physical and chemical properties
- Blocks and groups of elements with similar properties
Atomic Structure
- Atom: smallest unit of matter retaining element properties
- Consists of protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge)
- Protons determine the element, neutrons affect atomic mass, and electrons determine chemical properties
Subatomic Particles
- Protons: positively charged, found in nucleus, determine element
- Neutrons: no charge, found in nucleus, affect atomic mass
- Electrons: negatively charged, found in energy levels, determine chemical properties
Molecular Composition
- Molecule: group of bonded atoms
- Molecules can be homonuclear (same element) or heteronuclear (different elements)
- Molecular formula represents types and numbers of atoms in a molecule
Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bonds: forces holding atoms together in a molecule
- Types of chemical bonds: ionic (electron transfer), covalent (electron sharing), and hydrogen bonds (weak bonds with hydrogen)
Elements
- Element: substance consisting of one type of atom
- Represented by symbols (e.g., H for hydrogen, C for carbon)
- Classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids
Compounds
- Compound: substance consisting of two or more different elements
- Represented by chemical formulas (e.g., H2O for water, CO2 for carbon dioxide)
- Compounds have properties different from their constituent elements
Mixtures
- Mixture: physical blend of two or more substances
- Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (nonuniform composition)
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtration, distillation)
Periodic Table of Elements
- Tabular arrangement of elements organized by atomic number (number of protons)
- Shows relationships between elements, trends in physical and chemical properties, and blocks and groups of elements with similar properties
Learn about the basic components of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, and how they affect the properties of an element.
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