Atomic Structure Quiz

Atomic Structure

• An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
• Consists of:
  • Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus.
  • Neutrons: neutral particles in the nucleus.
  • Electrons: negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.

Subatomic Particles

• Protons:
  • Positive charge.
  • Mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
  • Found in the nucleus.
• Neutrons:
  • No charge.
  • Mass: 1 amu.
  • Found in the nucleus.
• Electrons:
  • Negative charge.
  • Mass: 1/1840 amu.
  • Orbit the nucleus in energy levels (shells).

Molecular Composition

• A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
• Molecular formula: represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
• Molecular weight: sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical bond: attractive force between atoms that holds them together.
• Types of chemical bonds:
  • Ionic bonds: formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
  • Covalent bonds: formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Elements

• An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
• Represented by a unique symbol (e.g., H for hydrogen).
• Atomic number: number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• Atomic mass: average mass of an element's atoms.

Compounds

• A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
• Represented by a chemical formula (e.g., H2O for water).
• Properties different from those of its constituent elements.

Mixture

• A mixture is a blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
• Properties of the substances are retained.
• Can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation).

Periodic Table of Elements

• A tabular arrangement of elements organized by their atomic number (number of protons).
• Rows: periods.
• Columns: groups (families).
• Elements with similar properties and electron configurations are placed in the same group.
• Periodic trends: recurring patterns of properties across periods and groups.

Atomic Structure

• Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element.
• Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Subatomic Particles

• Protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu), and are found in the nucleus.
• Neutrons have no charge and a mass of 1 amu, and are found in the nucleus.
• Electrons have a negative charge, a mass of 1/1840 amu, and orbit the nucleus in energy levels (shells).

Molecular Composition

• A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
• Molecular formulas represent the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
• Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.

Chemical Bonding

• Chemical bonds are attractive forces between atoms that hold them together.
• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Elements

• Elements are substances that consist of only one type of atom.
• Each element is represented by a unique symbol (e.g., H for hydrogen).
• Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• Atomic mass is the average mass of an element's atoms.

Compounds

• Compounds are substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
• Compounds are represented by a chemical formula (e.g., H2O for water).
• Compounds have properties that are different from those of their constituent elements.

Mixtures

• Mixtures are blends of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
• The properties of the substances are retained in a mixture.
• Mixtures can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation).

Periodic Table of Elements

• The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized by their atomic number (number of protons).
• Rows in the periodic table are called periods.
• Columns in the periodic table are called groups (families).
• Elements with similar properties and electron configurations are placed in the same group.
• Periodic trends are recurring patterns of properties across periods and groups.