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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that defines an atom?
Which of the following types of bonds involves the transfer of electrons?
What is the term for the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neutrons?
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What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?
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What is the term for the attractive force between atoms that holds them together?
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Which of the following represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule?
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What is the term for a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements?
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Which of the following has properties different from those of its constituent elements?
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What is the term for the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
- Consists of:
- Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: neutral particles in the nucleus.
- Electrons: negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
Subatomic Particles
- Protons:
- Positive charge.
- Mass: 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
- Found in the nucleus.
- Neutrons:
- No charge.
- Mass: 1 amu.
- Found in the nucleus.
- Electrons:
- Negative charge.
- Mass: 1/1840 amu.
- Orbit the nucleus in energy levels (shells).
Molecular Composition
- A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
- Molecular formula: represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
- Molecular weight: sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.
Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bond: attractive force between atoms that holds them together.
- Types of chemical bonds:
- Ionic bonds: formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds: formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Elements
- An element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
- Represented by a unique symbol (e.g., H for hydrogen).
- Atomic number: number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- Atomic mass: average mass of an element's atoms.
Compounds
- A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
- Represented by a chemical formula (e.g., H2O for water).
- Properties different from those of its constituent elements.
Mixture
- A mixture is a blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
- Properties of the substances are retained.
- Can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation).
Periodic Table of Elements
- A tabular arrangement of elements organized by their atomic number (number of protons).
- Rows: periods.
- Columns: groups (families).
- Elements with similar properties and electron configurations are placed in the same group.
- Periodic trends: recurring patterns of properties across periods and groups.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element.
- Atoms consist of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Subatomic Particles
- Protons have a positive charge and a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu), and are found in the nucleus.
- Neutrons have no charge and a mass of 1 amu, and are found in the nucleus.
- Electrons have a negative charge, a mass of 1/1840 amu, and orbit the nucleus in energy levels (shells).
Molecular Composition
- A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
- Molecular formulas represent the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule.
- Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule.
Chemical Bonding
- Chemical bonds are attractive forces between atoms that hold them together.
- Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Elements
- Elements are substances that consist of only one type of atom.
- Each element is represented by a unique symbol (e.g., H for hydrogen).
- Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- Atomic mass is the average mass of an element's atoms.
Compounds
- Compounds are substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
- Compounds are represented by a chemical formula (e.g., H2O for water).
- Compounds have properties that are different from those of their constituent elements.
Mixtures
- Mixtures are blends of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
- The properties of the substances are retained in a mixture.
- Mixtures can be separated by physical means (e.g., filtration, sedimentation).
Periodic Table of Elements
- The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized by their atomic number (number of protons).
- Rows in the periodic table are called periods.
- Columns in the periodic table are called groups (families).
- Elements with similar properties and electron configurations are placed in the same group.
- Periodic trends are recurring patterns of properties across periods and groups.
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Description
Test your knowledge of atomic structure, including protons, neutrons, electrons, and their properties.
