Podcast
Questions and Answers
What determines the atomic number of an element?
What determines the atomic number of an element?
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
How do isotopes of an element differ from each other?
How do isotopes of an element differ from each other?
What is the primary reason why atomic weights are not whole numbers?
What is the primary reason why atomic weights are not whole numbers?
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What trend occurs in atomic radius as you move top to bottom in a group on the periodic table?
What trend occurs in atomic radius as you move top to bottom in a group on the periodic table?
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Which element has 3 energy levels and 3 valence electrons?
Which element has 3 energy levels and 3 valence electrons?
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Which statement correctly describes the charge of protons and electrons?
Which statement correctly describes the charge of protons and electrons?
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What happens to the number of valence electrons as you move left to right across a period?
What happens to the number of valence electrons as you move left to right across a period?
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What is the reason for Fluorine having a smaller atomic radius than Chlorine?
What is the reason for Fluorine having a smaller atomic radius than Chlorine?
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What does the mass number of an element represent?
What does the mass number of an element represent?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are mostly empty space
- Atoms contain a small, dense, positively charged nucleus
- The nucleus contains protons and neutrons
- Electrons orbit the nucleus
- Protons have a positive charge (+1)
- Neutrons have no charge (0)
- Electrons have a negative charge (-1)
- Location: Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, electrons are outside the nucleus
Atomic History
- Experiments like the cathode ray tube and gold foil experiments led to the understanding of atomic structure
- Alpha particles were deflected when passing near the positive nucleus
- The gold foil experiment showed that most of the atom is empty space
Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers
- Atomic number = number of protons in an atom
- Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
- Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons (different mass numbers)
- The average atomic weight on the periodic table is an average of the isotopes
Periodic Table Trends
- Atomic radius increases as you go down a group (due to more energy levels)
- Atomic radius decreases as you go across a period (due to increasing nuclear charge)
- Number of valence electrons increase as you move across a period, and repeat after each group-increase
- Number of energy levels increase going down a group
- Elements in a family have similar properties due to similar valence electrons
- Elements are categorized on the periodic table based on their electron configuration.
Isotopes
- Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons (same atomic number)
- Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons
- Isotopes have different mass numbers
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Description
Test your knowledge on atomic structure, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Explore the historical experiments that led to our current understanding of atoms. Understand the concepts of atomic numbers, mass numbers, and isotopes.
