Atomic Structure and Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the main concept that explains the distribution of electrons among orbitals in an atom?

  • Aufbau principle
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Electron configuration (correct)
  • Orbital diagram

    • Which of the following principles states that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available?

  • Electron configuration principle (correct)
  • Hund's rule
  • Pauli's exclusion principle
  • Aufbau principle

    • In which subshell do electrons go into in the transition elements, according to the Aufbau process?

  • d subshell (correct)
  • p subshell
  • f subshell
  • s subshell

    • What determines the group number of an A-group element?

    <p>Number of electrons in the principal shell of highest quantum number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the period number and the highest number of principal shell containing electrons?

    <p>The period number is the same as the highest number of principal shell containing electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the nucleus in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>Protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is a key idea required to write a probable electron configuration?

    <p>Electrons occupy orbitals singly rather than in pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average of the mass numbers of the isotopes of an element based on their percentage abundances?

    <p>Atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the velocity, frequency, and wavelength of electromagnetic radiation?

    <p>c = νλ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the emission spectrum of an atom?

    <p>A discrete set of wavelength components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy of a photon according to Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect?

    <p>E = hν</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an electron falling from a higher to a lower energy level in Bohr's theory?

    <p>Emission of a discrete amount of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond angle in CH4?

    <p>109.50°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridization does PCl5 exhibit?

    <p>sp3d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hybrid orbitals are required to describe bonding in SF6?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond consists of one σ and one π bond?

    <p>Double covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of hybridization involved in the formation of C2H4?

    <p>sp2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the symbol used to represent the magnitude of a bond dipole moment?

    <p>µ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the magnitude of the partial charges in a bond dipole moment?

    <p>Electronegativity difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction are dipole vectors typically drawn?

    <p>From the less electronegative atom to the more electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for a molecule to be polar?

    <p>It must contain at least one polar covalent bond, and the sum of the vectors of each bond dipole moment does not cancel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the trans isomer non-polar?

    <p>Because the C – Cl bond polarities balance each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the molecular dipole in the cis-isomer?

    <p>Pointing between the Cl atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for an atom to be electrically neutral?

    <p>The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

    <p>Mass number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an atom gains one or more electrons?

    <p>It becomes an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the mass number and the atomic number?

    <p>The number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons?

    <p>1+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an atom loses one or more electrons?

    <p>It becomes a cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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