20 Questions
What is the approximate capacity of the short-term memory (STM) according to the information provided?
5-7 items
Which study provides evidence for the STM duration and the role of rehearsal in memory?
Peterson and Peterson (1959)
Which alternative model of memory is mentioned as explaining short term memory in more depth?
The Working memory model
What does the Phonological loop in the Working memory model deal with?
Auditory information
What supports the idea of short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) being separate stores based on the information provided?
Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) study
What are the three main memory stores in the multi-store model of memory?
Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Long-term memory
What is the process called when information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory?
Attention
What are the three main ways in which information can be encoded according to the text?
Visual, Acoustic, Semantic
What does capacity refer to in the context of memory?
How much information can be stored
When information is given meaning through elaborative rehearsal, where is it passed on to?
Long-term memory
What are the three main memory stores in the multi-store model of memory?
sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), long-term memory (LTM)
What are the three main ways in which information can be encoded according to the text?
visual (picture), acoustic (sound), semantic (meaning)
Where is information passed on to if it is given meaning through elaborative rehearsal?
long-term memory (LTM)
What is the process called when information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory?
encoding
What does capacity refer to in the context of memory?
how much information can be stored
What is the primacy-recency effect in relation to memory?
The beginning and end of a list is retained better than the middle
Who conducted the study that found short-term memory (STM) has a capacity of 7 items?
Miller (1956)
What are the strengths of the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory according to the text?
Supporting evidence from studies such as KF's case, Miller's study, and Glanzer and Cunitz's research
What is the weakness of some research into short-term memory (STM) duration, as mentioned in the text?
Low ecological validity of the stimuli used
According to the Working Memory Model, what is the role of the Phonological loop?
It deals with auditory information and preserves the order of sounds
Study Notes
Short-Term Memory (STM)
- The approximate capacity of STM is 7 items, as found by Miller's study.
Study on STM Duration and Rehearsal
- The study by Peterson and Peterson (1959) provides evidence for the STM duration and the role of rehearsal in memory.
Alternative Model of Memory
- The Working Memory Model is an alternative model that explains short-term memory in more depth.
Phonological Loop
- The Phonological loop in the Working Memory Model deals with the verbal, speech-based information.
Separation of STM and LTM
- The idea that STM and LTM are separate stores is supported by the fact that information in STM is lost quickly if not rehearsed.
Multi-Store Model of Memory
- The three main memory stores in the multi-store model of memory are Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory (STM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM).
Process of Information Transfer
- The process of information moving from Sensory Memory to Short-Term Memory is called consolidation.
Encoding of Information
- The three main ways in which information can be encoded are visually, acoustically, and semantically.
Capacity in Memory
- Capacity refers to the limited amount of information that can be held in memory.
Elaborative Rehearsal
- When information is given meaning through elaborative rehearsal, it is passed on to Long-Term Memory.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Multi-Store Model
- The strengths of the Multi-Store Model (MSM) of memory include its ability to explain many memory phenomena and its simplicity.
- The weakness of some research into short-term memory (STM) duration is that it is often based on artificial tasks and may not reflect real-life situations.
Primacy-Recency Effect
- The primacy-recency effect in relation to memory refers to the phenomenon where people tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than the items in the middle.
Working Memory Model
- According to the Working Memory Model, the role of the Phonological loop is to deal with verbal, speech-based information.
Test your knowledge of the Atkinson and Shiffrin multi-store model of memory, which consists of the sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Explore the different processes, capacities, and durations of each memory store.
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