Assessment and Treatment of Dysarthria
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Match the cranial nerve damage with its corresponding treatment:

Trigeminal Nerve = Jaw muscle strengthening exercises Facial Nerve = Lip strengthening exercises Vagus Nerve = Pharyngeal flap surgery Hypoglossal Nerve = Tongue range of motion activities

Match the treatment focus with its description:

Strengthening exercises = Appropriate for patients with severe weakness Surgical intervention = Using pharyngeal flap tissue for VP closure Prosthetic treatment = Use of a palatal lift to support the velum Modification of speech = Techniques to minimize hypernasality

Match the phonetic challenge with the affected cranial nerve:

Distorted bilabial sounds = Facial Nerve Resonance deficits = Vagus Nerve Jaw movement issues = Trigeminal Nerve Tongue mobility problems = Hypoglossal Nerve

Match the exercise type with its purpose:

<p>Lip puckering = Improve lip strength and movement Pushing and pulling procedures = Enhance phonation control Rate reduction = Increase speech intelligibility Loudness increase = Mask nasal sounds during speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment strategy with its goal:

<p>Increasing loudness = Masking nasal sounds Reducing speech rate = Enhancing intelligibility Lip strengthening = Addressing Facial Nerve damage Jaw exercises = Addressing Trigeminal Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerve to its specific challenge:

<p>Trigeminal Nerve = Jaw weakness Facial Nerve = Decreased lip strength Vagus Nerve = Resonance issues Hypoglossal Nerve = Tongue articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the exercise with the cranial nerve targeted:

<p>3 sets of mouth opening and closing = Trigeminal Nerve Smile holding for 5-10 seconds = Facial Nerve Pharyngeal flap tissue usage = Vagus Nerve Prolonging a vowel while pushing = Hypoglossal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment outcome with its description:

<p>Inconsistent surgical effects = Varies among patients Successful palatal lift = Most effective for resonance Bite resistance movements = Strengthens jaw muscles Consecutive lip trials = Enhances lip mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following voice therapy techniques with their descriptions:

<p>Pitch range exercise = Prolonged /a/ at a low pitch and then the highest pitch possible. Intelligibility drills = The patient reads words while the clinician does not look at him. Minimal contrast drills = Pairs of words that vary by only one phoneme. Traditional Articulation Treatment = Concentrate on improving the articulation of phonemes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vocal fold techniques with their functions:

<p>Hard glottal attack = Complete and rapid adduction of vocal folds. Holding breath = Helps fully adduct the vocal folds. Head turning = Increases adduction when there is unilateral weakness. Prosodic deficit treatment = Treatment focused on pitch range variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the problems with their associated treatments:

<p>Damage to the Hypoglossal Nerve = Weakness and reduced motion of the tongue. Velar hypertonicity = Massaging the velum with a tongue depressor. Breathy voice = Head turning to increase adduction. Imprecise consonant production = Tongue strengthening exercises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following articulation techniques with their methods:

<p>Phonetic placement = Instruction about the position of the articulators. Minimal contrast drills = Used to pair words that vary by only one phoneme. Tongue strengthening exercises = Resistance on lateralization with clinician push. Intelligibility drills = Patient must repeat misunderstood words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their corresponding therapy goals:

<p>Decrease velar hypertonicity = Stimulating the tongue and velum with foreign objects. Increase monitoring of performance accuracy = Performing exercises while looking in a mirror. Masking hypernasality = Having the patient speak more loudly. Improve articulation of phonemes = Focus on clear production of sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatment methods with their characteristics:

<p>Resistance exercises = Used to enhance movement of the tongue. Surgical treatment = Involves direct modification of physical structures. Prosthetic treatment = Utilizes devices to assist with voice production. Feedback on specified words = Clinician helps patient recognize mispronounced words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to vocal fold management with their explanations:

<p>Adduction = The process of bringing vocal folds together. Hypernasality = Excessive nasal resonance during speech. Phonation = The process of sound production using the vocal folds. Subglottic air pressure = Pressure generated below the vocal folds during speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following exercises with their focus:

<p>Prolonged vowel sounds = Enhances pitch range. Contrastive exercises = Focus on distinguishing phonemes. Breath control exercises = Aid in vocal fold adduction. Mirror drills = Enhance awareness of tongue movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment techniques for spastic dysarthria with their descriptions:

<p>Phonetic placement = Helps patients articulate sounds correctly through targeted positioning of the speech organs Slow and controlled exhalation = Patient exhales slowly using a stopwatch to maximize breath control Yawn-sigh exercise = Involves inhaling while yawning and exhaling through a prolonged sigh to relax neck muscles Intelligibility drills = Exercises designed to improve the clarity of speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of articulation exercises with their methods:

<p>Pacing Board = Patient articulates one word per finger movement to aid pacing Delayed auditory feedback = Uses electronic devices to provide immediate verbal feedback with a slight delay Stretching exercise for tongue = Clinician gently pulls the tongue forward until resistance is felt Lip stretching = Clinician gently pulls the patient's lips away from their face</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the etiologies of unilateral upper motor neuron damage with their effects:

<p>Stroke = Common cause of unilateral damage leading to articulation issues Tumors = Can exert pressure on upper motor neurons affecting speech muscles Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) = Often results in damage to the neural pathways controlling speech Progressive diseases = May lead to gradual deterioration of articulation and muscle control</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the therapeutic goals with their specific techniques:

<p>Head and neck relaxation = Massage and gentle movements to decrease muscle tone Minimal contrast drills = Focus on distinguishing similar sounding words to improve articulation Oral motor exercises = Activities to strengthen facial and speech-related muscles Traditional articulation treatment = Systematic approach to target specific speech sound errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the vocal exercises with their intended outcomes:

<p>Prolonged sigh = Promotes relaxation and decreases hypertension in neck muscles Holding a smile = Engages facial muscles to improve articulation Kissing motion = Stretches and strengthens lip muscles Puffing out the cheeks = Enhances control and strength in oral movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatment plans with their characteristics:

<p>Comprehensive treatment program = Focuses on gradual progress from beginning to dismissal Individualized attention = Targets specific needs based on patient's condition Consistent assessment = Regular evaluation of progress to adjust treatment as needed Collaborative approach = Involves input from multiple professionals in speech therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions of spastic dysarthria with their key features:

<p>Increased muscle tone = Results from damage to the upper motor neurons Articulation difficulties = Primarily affects the clarity of speech due to muscle weakness Unilateral damage = Loss of function occurs on the opposite side of the damage Cranial nerve impairment = Affects the muscles responsible for speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific exercises with their targeting actions:

<p>Tongue stretching = Gently extending the tongue to improve mobility Lip pufting = Encouraging puffing to strengthen lip control Hand/finger tapping = Synchronizing speech with hand movement for pacing Yawn-sigh technique = Relaxing vocal muscles through deep inhalation and exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Assessment and Treatment of Dysarthria

  • Dysarthria treatment varies between clinicians.
  • A combination of treatments is often recommended.
  • Some treatments target the specific damaged cranial nerve.
  • Strengthening exercises are beneficial for patients with significant weakness.

Damage to the Trigeminal Nerve

  • Jaw muscle strengthening exercises are recommended.
  • These involve repeated opening and closing of the mouth.
  • Bite down exercises also help increase mouth strength and jaw resistance training, moving jaws open and close against resistance.

Damage to the Facial Nerve

  • Lip strengthening exercises are crucial, including lip puckering, holding a pucker in position for 10 seconds, moving from side to side, and repeating 10 times and a wide smile for 5-10 seconds.
  • These exercises aim to improve lip strength and range of motion, addressing bilabial and labiodental phoneme distortion.

Damage to the Vagus Nerve

  • Resonance deficits are addressed with surgical or prosthetic treatments.
  • Procedures like pharyngeal flap tissue attachments to the velum help ensure velopharyngeal closure.
  • Teflon injection can be used into the pharynx to ensure correct contact when the soft palate elevates.
  • Prosthetic palate lifts are often found to be most effective in pushing the velum upward.

Modification of Speech

  • Increasing loudness can mask hypernasal sounds.
  • Modifying speech rate improves intelligibility and reduces the perception of hypernasality.

Phonation Deficit

  • Pushing and pulling procedures are used to help the vocal adductors through overall muscle contraction.
  • Holding breath exercises involve fully adducting the vocal folds, creating subglottal air pressure for initiating phonation.
  • Head turning and sideways pressure on the larynx can aid in breathy voice issues if one vocal nerve is impacted, this also further helps in increasing adduction.

Prosodic Deficit - Treatment

  • Pitch range exercises include prolonged /a/ at low and high pitches as the patient reads sentences where pitch changes are highlighted for training.

Damage to the Hypoglossal Nerve

  • Tongue weakness or reduced motion leads to imprecise consonant production.
  • Strengthening exercises, including resistance on lateralization (pushing the tongue to the center), elevation against a tongue depressor, along with mirror practice, increase tongue awareness and performance.

Traditional Articulation Treatment

  • Intelligibility drills involve the patient reading words/sentences without clinician observation; if words are unclear, repetition and clinician feedback are provided.
  • Phonetic placement exercises aid in teaching correct articulator position for targeted sounds.
  • Minimal contrast drills compare words differing by only one phoneme (e.g., park/bark) to improve sound discrimination.

Resonance Treatment

  • Strategies for velar hypertonicity reduction include stimulating the tongue and velum with foreign objects in the mouth, massaging the velum with a tongue depressor, and pressing the velum upward by a depressor.
  • Increased loudness can mask hypernasality and improve intelligibility.

Treatment of Spastic Dysarthria - Phonation

  • Head and neck relaxation exercises, including back-and-forth, right to left tilting, and 10-second holds, are performed by the clinician.
  • Gentle neck massage can reduce increased muscle tonicity.
  • Yawning exercises involve inhaling, opening the mouth, and exhaling to relax neck muscles.

Treatment of Spastic Dysarthria - Articulation

  • Tongue stretching exercises involve forward tongue movement until resistance is met.
  • Moving the tongue laterally (left and right) should also be performed.
  • Clinician-assisted lip stretching exercises involve pulling lips away from the face, while holding a smile, pursing the lips, and puffing out cheeks.

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron

  • Unilateral upper motor neuron damage affects cranial nerves & lower face, lips, tongue muscle function on the opposite side of the damage.
  • Common causes include stroke, tumors, and traumatic brain injuries (TBI).

Treatment

  • General treatment strategies include intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, minimal consonant drills, and oral motor exercises.

Treatment - Respiration

  • Slow and controlled exhalation exercises, in which the patient progressively exhales with a stopwatch for measurement.
  • Patients should speak directly after exhale.

Treatment - Articulation

  • Pacing board exercises have patients say one word as the clinician manipulates a finger on an adjustable board from one slot to another.
  • Hand/finger tapping, using an electronic device that repeats the patient's voice with a short delay, aids articulation.
  • Stretching exercises for the tongue, lips, and other involved areas are beneficial.
  • Traditional articulation treatments, including intelligibility drills and phonetic placement, are also helpful.

Treatment Plan

  • The treatment plan should be comprehensive and developed before treatment begins.
  • Background information from the diagnostic report is used to create a treatment plan.
  • Modification based on progress and feedback is a core aspect of this treatment.
  • Treatment focuses on improving misarticulated sounds and improving speech quality and clarity.

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Assessment and Treatment of Dysarthria PDF

Description

This quiz covers the assessment and treatment options for dysarthria, including targeted exercises for various damaged cranial nerves. From jaw and lip strengthening to resonance techniques, explore how different approaches can aid in recovery. Ideal for students specializing in speech-language pathology or related fields.

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