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Questions and Answers
What condition is associated with the swelling and lumps mentioned in the content?
What condition is associated with the swelling and lumps mentioned in the content?
Which factor is indicated to potentially reduce the risk of urinary issues?
Which factor is indicated to potentially reduce the risk of urinary issues?
What is a common result of testicular twisting?
What is a common result of testicular twisting?
Which of the following is a potential cause of urinary obstruction?
Which of the following is a potential cause of urinary obstruction?
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What is advised to manage the risk associated with sexually transmitted infections?
What is advised to manage the risk associated with sexually transmitted infections?
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What condition may result from bladder outlet obstruction?
What condition may result from bladder outlet obstruction?
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Which factor is indicated as a method to improve sexual health?
Which factor is indicated as a method to improve sexual health?
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Which condition is associated with the twisting of the testicles?
Which condition is associated with the twisting of the testicles?
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Which is a characteristic of sexual activity that could raise concerns?
Which is a characteristic of sexual activity that could raise concerns?
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What impact does diet have on urinary functioning?
What impact does diet have on urinary functioning?
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Study Notes
Assessing Male Genitalia and Rectum - Objectives
- List the structures of the male genitals
- Name the major structures of the penis
- Describe the function of the cremaster muscle
- Identify the structures that transport sperm
- Relate the significance of the inguinal canal and femoral canal
- Discuss the importance of teaching testicular self-examination as health promotion
- Describe the prostate gland
- Outline structures that can be examined through the rectum
- Health promotion concepts for assessment (anus, rectum, and prostate)
Male Genitalia: Structure & Function
- External genitalia: Penis (urination, reproduction); Scrotum (loose sac maintains cooler temperature)
- Internal genitalia: Testes (sperm production); Epididymis (main sperm storage); Vas deferens (transports sperm); Spermatic cord (transports sperm)
Inguinal Area and Anus/Rectum
- Inguinal area: Located between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the symphysis pubis medially; potential hernia development site
- Anus and rectum: Rectal exam access to prostate
- Prostate Gland: Bilobed, round/heart-shaped, surrounds bladder neck and urethra; palpable through the anterior rectal wall; secretes thin, milky, alkaline fluid for sperm
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Enlarged prostate gland
- Present in 80-90% of men over 60
- Hyperplasia is an imbalance between cell proliferation and programmed cell death.
- Creates bladder outlet obstruction
- Symptoms: hesitancy/dribbling/urinary frequency/weak urinary stream
- Normal prostate: heart-shaped, palpable central groove, smooth, rubbery & mobile
- BPH: enlarged, smooth, firm, central groove obliterated
- Prostate cancer: hard/fixed/irregular area
Developmental Considerations
- Tanner staging: puberty/sexual development
- Puberty typically begins in the U.S. at 9-10 years of age.
- First sign: testicle enlargement, then pubic hair development, then penis size increase.
Male Genitalia: Subjective Data (PG 690-694)
- Biographical data
- Chief complaint (followed by HPI)
- Past history (prostate cancer, blood in stool)
- Family history (cancer)
- Functional assessment (lifestyle/health practices): sexual activity, last exam, STIs/STDs, contraceptive use, colonoscopies
Objective Data
- Purpose of exam? Impairment of normal function/abnormalities
- Client preparation: May be anxious/embarrassed, empty bladder, change into gown
- Positioning: Supine, left lateral, standing
- Examination areas: Rectal, anus, prostate
Inspect & Palpate: Penis
- Inspect skin: Look for wrinkles, hairlessness, and absence of lesions.
- Inspect glans: (uncircumcised: retract foreskin) look for smoothness / lesions / inflammation
- Inspect urethral meatus: Position centrally
- Inspect pubic hair: consistent with age and no pest infestations
- Palpate glans: Meatus pink, smooth, no discharge
- Palpate shaft: Smooth, semifirm, and nontender
- Abnormal Findings: Inflammation, lesions, nodules, ulcers
Inspect & Palpate: Scrotum
- Inspect the scrotum: Size varies, asymmetry (left lower than right); no lesions
- Palpate testicles: Oval-shaped, firm/rubbery/smooth/equally sized/mobile/slightly tender
- Palpate spermatic cord & epididymis: Smooth/nontender, absent testicles, atrophied or fixed testicles, nodules
Prostate Cancer
- Most frequently diagnosed cancer in men.
- Easily treatable
Testicular Cancer
- Overall incidence is rare (8,000 new cases annually)
- Affects younger males (15-35 years)
- Often asymptomatic in early stages
- High mortality rate
- Risk factors: undescended testicle, family history of testicular or other cancers
- Monthly testicular self-examinations are crucial
Testicular Self-Exam
- Timing: once a month
- Preparation: Shower—warm water relaxes the scrotum
- Examination: Check for changes, report immediately
Hernias
- Exam: Inspect and palpate inguinal and femoral areas while client stands; straining down and looking for bulges.
- Normal: No bulge
- Abnormal: Bulge = Hernia
- Symptoms (Abnormal): Colicky/abnormal abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, hard
Hemorrhoids
- Papules due to varicose veins
- Internal vs External
- Causes: straining with stool, chronic constipation, pregnancy, obesity, low-fiber diet
Prostate Cancer Risk Factors
- Increasing age
- African ancestry
- Family history
- Certain gene changes
- Obesity
- Smoking
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
- Trouble urinating
- Decreased force in urine stream
- Blood in semen
- Swelling in legs
- Bone pain
- Erectile dysfunction
Prostate Cancer Risk Reduction
- Improve diet, reduce fat intake
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Regular exercise
- Stop smoking
- Drink less
- Increase vitamin D
- Stay sexually active
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Description
This quiz explores the structures and functions of male genitalia and the rectum. It covers important topics such as the anatomy of the penis, scrotum, and internal structures involved in sperm transport. Additionally, it emphasizes health promotion through testicular self-examination and rectal health assessment.
