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Questions and Answers
What is a common age range for the highest incidence of testicular cancer?
What is a common age range for the highest incidence of testicular cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing testicular cancer?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing testicular cancer?
During the physical examination, which of the following is a normal characteristic of the scrotum?
During the physical examination, which of the following is a normal characteristic of the scrotum?
What should be a normal size range for adult testicles?
What should be a normal size range for adult testicles?
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What finding during the examination could potentially indicate testicular cancer?
What finding during the examination could potentially indicate testicular cancer?
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Which structure can be palpated at the superior, posterior aspect of each testicle?
Which structure can be palpated at the superior, posterior aspect of each testicle?
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Which of the following describes the normal texture of the testes during palpation?
Which of the following describes the normal texture of the testes during palpation?
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For individuals at risk, how often should a testicular self-exam be performed?
For individuals at risk, how often should a testicular self-exam be performed?
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Study Notes
Normal Anatomy Male Genitalia
- The scrotum should hang freely from the perineum.
- It contains the testes.
- It may be covered with hair.
- The color is slightly darker than the rest of the skin.
- The skin should be loose, thin, and rugated.
- The skin surface should be free of lesions, nodules, inflammation, or swelling.
Nursing History
- Review urinary elimination patterns, noting any recent changes.
- Assess bladder control, including any history of urinary incontinence, frequency, or urgency.
- Inquire about any penile pain, swelling, genital lesions, or urethral discharge.
- Ask about any heaviness or painless enlargement of the testis or irregular lumps.
Risk Factors for Developing Testicular Cancer
- Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism).
- Being Caucasian.
- Family history of testicular cancer.
- HIV infection.
- Klinefelter syndrome (a genetic disorder).
- Testicular carcinoma in situ (abnormal cells that are not yet cancer).
- Having testicular cancer in the other testicle.
Physical Exam: Inspection
- The room should be warm to minimize anxiety.
- Provide privacy for the patient.
- Wear non-sterile gloves.
- Approach the patient with a calm and gentle manner to lessen anxiety.
Palpation of Testes
- Palpate the testes simultaneously or individually.
- Use the index and middle fingers posteriorly and the thumb anteriorly.
- Roll the testes gently between your fingers and thumb.
- Testes are normally sensitive to palpation and may be slightly tender.
- The shape of the testes should be ovoid (oval).
- The size should be approximately 2 cm - 4 cm.
- Testes should be symmetrical, however, one may be slightly larger than the other.
Normal Findings: Testes
- Texture should be smooth, firm, and slightly tender.
- Testes should be sensitive to pressure.
- No masses should be present.
- The epididymis can be palpated at the superior, posterior aspect of each testicle. It should feel small and crescent-shaped.
- The spermatic cord can be palpated superior and lateral. It should feel ropelike and vertical.
Abnormal Findings
- Painless enlargement of one testis.
- Palpable, small, hard lump, usually pea-sized.
Testicular Self-Examination (TSE)
- Monthly self-exams are important, especially if the patient has risk factors.
- Early detection and treatment of testicular cancer increases the chance of survival.
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Description
This quiz covers the normal anatomy of male genitalia, including specifics about the scrotum and testes. It also addresses the nursing history relevant to urinary elimination, bladder control, and risk factors for testicular cancer. Test your knowledge on these important aspects of male reproductive health.
